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Table 1 Anthropometric, behavioural and dietary characteristics of plausible and underreporters

From: Dietary factors associated with obesity indicators and level of sports participation in Flemish adults: a cross-sectional study

 

Men

Women

 

Plausible

Underreport

Plausible

Underreport

 

n = 485

n = 382

n = 362

n = 291

Age (y)

50.2 ± 13.3

47.2 ± 13.6**

51.4 ± 12.9

44.2 ± 12.3***

BMI (kg/m2)

25.4 ± 3.1

26.6 ± 3.3***

24.1 ± 3.5

25.6 ± 4.4***

WC (cm)

89.5 ± 9.6

92.5 ± 10.5***

78.2 ± 9.4

80.5 ± 10.7**

Sum6SKF (mm)

76.0 ± 29.2

90.3 ± 31.7***

124.6 ± 38.6

139.5 ± 42.5***

Tsports (h/week)

3.8 ± 4.5

3.2 ± 3.7*

2.3 ± 3.2

1.9 ± 2.5

PAL (MET)

1.8 ± 0.3

1.7 ± 0.2*

1.7 ± 0.18

1.7 ± 0.15

Ttv (h/week)

14.9 ± 8.2

15.3 ± 9.1

14.6 ± 8.8

13.4 ± 8.6

BMI groups (%)

 

P < 0.001

 

P < 0.001

< 25 kg/m2

46.4%

33.8%

65.5%

52.6%

25–30 kg/m2

46.6%

51.3%

29.6%

31.6%

≥30 kg/m2

7.0%

14.9%

5.0%

15.8%

WC groups (%)

 

P < 0.001

 

N.S

< 94 or < 80 cm

68.7%

54.7%

61.3%

56.0%

94–102 or 80–88 cm

22.5%

28.8%

24.6%

23.0%

≥102 or 88 cm

8.9%

16.5%

14.1%

21.0%

Education (%)

 

N.S

 

N.S

Low

4.9%

4.5%

6.1%

5.8%

Moderate

44.5%

38.0%

42.0%

36.8%

High

50.5%

57.6%

51.9%

57.4%

Smoking (%)

 

N.S

 

N.S

Never

57.8%

56.8%

72.6%

71.7%

Former

29.5%

29.3%

15.8%

13.0%

Current

12.7%

13.9%

11.6%

15.2%

Ca (mg/d)

990.6 ± 524.7

692.9 ± 318.2***

870.3 ± 339.4

688.4 ± 324.9***

Fe (mg/d)

16.1 ± 4.7

12.0 ± 3.7***

13.3 ± 5.1

10.1 ± 3.4***

Total EI (kcal/d)

2782.0 ± 431.5

1916.1 ± 348.9***

2171.1 ± 348.1

1549.5 ± 279.4***

Protein

    

   (kcal/d)

425.0 ± 103.9

320.3 ± 78.9***

345.9 ± 78.8

268.2 ± 78.4***

   (%E)

15.3 ± 3.0

16.8 ± 3.4***

16.0 ± 3.0

17.5 ± 5.2***

Carbohydrate

    

   (kcal/d)

1282.7 ± 286.5

873.3 ± 206.1***

961.2 ± 199.4

716.9 ± 172.2***

   (%E)

46.1 ± 7.6

45.8 ± 7.8

44.4 ± 6.8

46.4 ± 8.1**

Sugar (kcal/d)

    

   (kcal/d)

293.5 ± 167.5

187.7 ± 109.9***

199.3 ± 103.6

163.7 ± 93.9***

   (%E)

10.5 ± 5.6

9.9 ± 5.7

9.3 ± 4.8

10.5 ± 6.5**

Starch

    

   (kcal/d)

675.4 ± 207.9

469.9 ± 144.6***

486.3 ± 142.3

362.3 ± 110.5***

   (%E)

24.3 ± 6.5

24.6 ± 6.7

22.5 ± 5.7

23.6 ± 6.5*

Fibre

    

   (kcal/d)

91.0 ± 28.9

64.9 ± 20.8***

74.3 ± 21.1

56.1 ± 17.7***

   (%E)

3.3 ± 1.0

3.4 ± 1.1

3.5 ± 1.0

3.7 ± 1.2*

Fat

    

   (kcal/d)

951.2 ± 268.0

628.5 ± 194.9***

779.3 ± 212.3

519.8 ± 176.3***

   (%E)

34.0 ± 6.8

32.4 ± 7.1**

35.6 ± 6.6

33.1 ± 8.3***

Saturated fat

    

   (kcal/d)

364.2 ± 114.3

240.5 ± 82.0***

265.2 ± 109.4

296.2 ± 199.5***

   (%E)

13.0 ± 3.2

12.4 ± 3.2**

13.5 ± 3.1

12.7 ± 3.6**

Monounsaturated

    

   (kcal/d)

361.4 ± 119.5

237.9 ± 83.9***

294.4 ± 100.2

196.4 ± 79.6***

   (%E)

12.9 ± 3.3

12.3 ± 3.4**

13.4 ± 3.6

12.5 ± 4.2**

Polyunsaturated

    

   (kcal/d)

161.0 ± 71.4

108.9 ± 50.6***

130.2 ± 65.1

86.3 ± 44.3***

   (%E)

5.7 ± 2.2

5.6 ± 2.3

6.0 ± 2.8

5.5 ± 2.5*

Alcohol

    

   (kcal/d)

123.2 ± 125.8

93.91 ± 105.122***

84.7 ± 106.0

44.7 ± 67.1***

   (%E)

4.6 ± 4.7

5.0 ± 5.7

3.9 ± 4.8

2.9 ± 4.5**

Ca (mg/d)

990.6 ± 524.7

692.9 ± 318.2***

870.3 ± 339.4

688.4 ± 324.9***

Fe (mg/d)

16.1 ± 4.7

12.0 ± 3.7***

13.3 ± 5.1

10.1 ± 3.4***

Cholesterol (mg)

104.3 ± 39.0

106.8 ± 45.8

105.3 ± 39.2

109.3 ± 46.1

  1. * Underreporters differ significantly (P < 0.05) from plausible reporters of the same sex
  2. ** Underreporters differ significantly (P < 0.01) from plausible reporters of the same sex
  3. *** Underreporters differ significantly (P < 0.001) from plausible reporters of the same sex
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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