Validity of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and its generalizability to the estimation of dietary folate intake in Japan

Ishihara, Junko; Yamamoto, Seiichiro; Iso, Hiroyasu; Inoue, Manami; Tsugane, Shoichiro

doi:10.1186/1475-2891-4-26

Table 3 Foods most predictive of inter-individual variation in dietary folate, and their correlation coefficients with intake from DR.

From: Validity of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and its generalizability to the estimation of dietary folate intake in Japan

Foods selected by regression analysis¹	Male and female		Male						Female
	Partial	Cumulative	Cohort I (internal)			Cohort II (external)			Cohort I (internal)			Cohort II (external)
	R-Square¹	R-Square¹	Cumulative		Spearman³	Cumulative		Spearman³	Cumulative		Spearman³	Cumulative		Spearman³
			mean intake		correlation	mean intake		correlation	mean intake		correlation	mean intake		correlation
			μg/day	(%)²		μg/day	(%)²		μg/day	(%)²		μg/day	(%)²
Green tea (sencha)	0.096	0.096	72	(15.3)	0.31	55	(13.0)	0.28	55	(11.6)	0.17	66	(14.6)	0.25
Dried small fish	0.070	0.166	73	(15.4)	0.33	55	(13.1)	0.27	56	(11.7)	0.19	67	(14.7)	0.26
Horse mackerel, sardine	0.039	0.204	74	(15.7)	0.37	57	(13.5)	0.27	57	(12.0)	0.20	68	(15.0)	0.24
Cake	0.031	0.236	74	(15.7)	0.37	57	(13.6)	0.27	58	(12.1)	0.19	69	(15.1)	0.24
Miso soup	0.030	0.266	84	(17.8)	0.37	62	(14.8)	0.28	66	(13.8)	0.24	73	(16.1)	0.27
Luncheon Meat	0.032	0.298	84	(17.8)	0.38	62	(14.8)	0.28	66	(13.8)	0.24	73	(16.1)	0.27
Ham, loin	0.022	0.320	84	(17.8)	0.38	62	(14.8)	0.29	66	(13.8)	0.24	73	(16.1)	0.27
Cream for coffee	0.014	0.335	85	(17.9)	0.37	63	(14.9)	0.28	66	(13.9)	0.24	74	(16.2)	0.27
Stewed pork, Western style	0.012	0.346	85	(17.9)	0.37	63	(15.0)	0.28	66	(14.0)	0.24	74	(16.2)	0.27
Mayonnaise	0.011	0.357	85	(17.9)	0.37	63	(15.0)	0.28	66	(14.0)	0.24	74	(16.2)	0.27
Worcester sauce	0.013	0.370	85	(17.9)	0.37	63	(15.0)	0.28	66	(14.0)	0.24	74	(16.2)	0.27
Kamaboko (fish paste product)	0.014	0.384	85	(18.0)	0.37	63	(15.0)	0.28	67	(14.0)	0.24	74	(16.3)	0.27
Lettuce	0.011	0.395	86	(18.3)	0.37	64	(15.3)	0.30	68	(14.3)	0.25	75	(16.5)	0.27
Bean sprouts	0.015	0.410	88	(18.7)	0.37	66	(15.7)	0.29	71	(14.9)	0.23	77	(16.9)	0.26
Peaches	0.017	0.427	89	(18.7)	0.38	66	(15.8)	0.29	71	(14.9)	0.23	77	(17.0)	0.26
Sausage, Wieners	0.011	0.437	89	(18.7)	0.38	66	(15.8)	0.29	71	(14.9)	0.23	77	(17.0)	0.26
Chocolate	0.009	0.446	89	(18.8)	0.38	67	(15.9)	0.29	71	(15.0)	0.23	78	(17.1)	0.26
Octopus	0.008	0.455	89	(18.8)	0.38	67	(15.9)	0.29	71	(15.0)	0.23	78	(17.1)	0.26
Salted fish	0.008	0.463	90	(19.1)	0.38	68	(16.0)	0.30	73	(15.2)	0.23	78	(17.2)	0.26
Apples	0.010	0.473	92	(19.5)	0.38	69	(16.3)	0.31	75	(15.8)	0.24	80	(17.6)	0.26
Sweet pepper	0.012	0.485	94	(19.8)	0.39	70	(16.6)	0.31	77	(16.1)	0.26	81	(17.9)	0.27
Udon	0.011	0.496	95	(20.0)	0.39	71	(17.0)	0.30	78	(16.3)	0.25	82	(18.1)	0.27
Grilled chicken	0.014	0.510	95	(20.1)	0.39	72	(17.1)	0.30	78	(16.4)	0.25	83	(18.2)	0.27
Pickled plums	0.009	0.519	95	(20.1)	0.39	72	(17.1)	0.30	78	(16.4)	0.25	83	(18.2)	0.27
Papaya	0.009	0.528	96	(20.2)	0.39	73	(17.3)	0.29	79	(16.5)	0.25	83	(18.4)	0.27
Black tea	0.007	0.536	96	(20.4)	0.39	73	(17.4)	0.30	79	(16.7)	0.24	84	(18.5)	0.28
Green tea (bancha, genmaicha)	0.007	0.542	105	(22.1)	0.42	83	(19.8)	0.33	88	(18.6)	0.25	95	(21.0)	0.35
Chicken liver	0.007	0.550	122	(25.8)	0.45	98	(23.2)	0.32	101	(21.2)	0.28	107	(23.6)	0.34
Bananas	0.008	0.557	126	(26.6)	0.46	101	(24.1)	0.32	104	(21.9)	0.27	111	(24.3)	0.34
Rice mixed with other grains	0.005	0.562	128	(27.1)	0.45	103	(24.5)	0.33	107	(22.5)	0.27	112	(24.8)	0.34
Well-milled rice	0.011	0.573	152	(32.2)	0.49	124	(29.5)	0.30	125	(26.2)	0.29	128	(28.3)	0.34
Yushi-dofu	0.006	0.579	153	(32.3)	0.49	125	(29.6)	0.30	125	(26.3)	0.29	129	(28.4)	0.34
Bitter gourds	0.011	0.590	158	(33.3)	0.46	128	(30.5)	0.30	130	(27.2)	0.28	132	(29.1)	0.35

¹ Foods were selected by stepwise regression analysis using data from the food frequency questionnaire of Cohort I men and women. Partial and cumulative R-Square values were calculated in the process of performing the regression analysis.
² Percent of total folate according to the food frequency questionnaire.
³ Spearman's correlation coefficients between cumulative intake and total intake based on dietary records

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