|
Dietary Intakes
| |
MMSE-KC
|
Boston naming test
|
Verbal fluency
|
Word list memory
|
Word list recall
|
Word list recognition
|
Constructional recall
|
Constructional praxis
|
|---|
|
All (n = 321)
| |
20.6 ± 5.9
|
8.4 ± 3.5
|
9.4 ± 4.7
|
11.5 ± 5.5
|
3.1 ± 2.5
|
6.5 ± 3.0
|
3.7 ± 3.2
|
7.9 ± 2.7
|
|
Vitamin B2 (mg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
0.816 (0.702)
|
0.256 (0.451)
|
0.577 (0.645)
|
1.218 (0.670)
|
0.175 (0.332)
|
0.434 (0.428)
|
1.066 (0.419)
|
0.373 (0.341)
|
|
p- value
|
0.246
|
0.571
|
0.371
|
0.070
|
0.599
|
0.312
|
0.012
|
0.275
|
|
Vitamin B6 (mg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
0.321 (0.799)
|
1.039 (0.510)
|
0.443 (0.734)
|
1.581 (0.760)
|
0.330 (0.378)
|
0.666 (0.486)
|
0.737 (0.480)
|
−0.059 (0.388)
|
|
p-value
|
0.688
|
0.043
|
0.547
|
0.038
|
0.382
|
0.172
|
0.126
|
0.879
|
|
Vitamin B12 (μg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
0.177 (0.184)
|
0.023 (0.117)
|
0.045 (0.169)
|
0.293 (0.174)
|
0.043 (0.087)
|
0.082 (0.112)
|
0.094 (0.111)
|
0.121 (0.090)
|
|
p-value
|
0.338
|
0.841
|
0.792
|
0.093
|
0.620
|
0.467
|
0.398
|
0.179
|
|
Folate (μg DFE/d)
|
β (SE)
|
0.953 (0.577)
|
0.157 (0.372)
|
0.249 (0.533)
|
1.095 (0.552)
|
0.263 (0.274)
|
0.395 (0.353)
|
0.848 (0.346)
|
−0.136 (0.282)
|
|
p-value
|
0.100
|
0.674
|
0.641
|
0.048
|
0.338
|
0.264
|
0.015
|
0.630
|
|
AD (n = 100)
|
|
Vitamin B2 (mg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
−0.734 (1.078)
|
0.185 (0.875)
|
0.406 (1.030)
|
−0.876 (1.046)
|
−0.015 (0.380)
|
−0.660 (0.897)
|
0.188 (0.438)
|
0.086 (0.717)
|
|
p-value
|
0.498
|
0.833
|
0.694
|
0.405
|
0.969
|
0.464
|
0.669
|
0.905
|
|
Vitamin B6 (mg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
0.427 (1.109)
|
0.863 (0.894)
|
0.900 (1.054)
|
0.638 (1.077)
|
0.415 (0.387)
|
0.292 (0.924)
|
0.472 (0.447)
|
0.597 (0.733)
|
|
p-value
|
0.701
|
0.337
|
0.395
|
0.555
|
0.287
|
0.753
|
0.294
|
0.418
|
|
Vitamin B12 (μg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
0.481 (0.268)
|
0.269 (0.216)
|
0.285 (0.261)
|
0.375 (0.261)
|
0.063 (0.087)
|
0.086 (0.226)
|
0.162 (0.107)
|
0.325 (0.180)
|
|
p-value
|
0.077
|
0.216
|
0.278
|
0.154
|
0.472
|
0.705
|
0.135
|
0.075
|
|
Folate (μg DFE/d)
|
β (SE)
|
−0.457 (0.829)
|
−0.689 (0.669)
|
0.168 (0.792)
|
−0.368 (0.807)
|
0.237 (0.291)
|
−0.547 (0.689)
|
0.394 (0.334)
|
−0.814 (0.544)
|
|
p-value
|
0.583
|
0.306
|
0.832
|
0.649
|
0.417
|
0.430
|
0.242
|
0.138
|
|
MCI (n = 100)
|
|
Vitamin B2 (mg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
1.705 (1.089)
|
0.517 (0.762)
|
1.082 (1.027)
|
2.293 (1.145)
|
0.704 (0.575)
|
1.461 (0.682)
|
1.380 (0.684)
|
1.133 (0.587)
|
|
p-value
|
0.121
|
0.499
|
0.295
|
0.048
|
0.224
|
0.035
|
0.047
|
0.057
|
|
Vitamin B6 (mg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
−0.006 (1.251)
|
0.583 (0.863)
|
−0.779 (1.168)
|
0.781 (1.323)
|
0.172 (0.657)
|
1.083 (0.784)
|
1.205 (0.782)
|
−0.454 (0.677)
|
|
p-value
|
0.996
|
0.502
|
0.506
|
0.557
|
0.794
|
0.171
|
0.127
|
0.504
|
|
Vitamin B12 (μg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
−0.310 (0.261)
|
−0.236 (0.187)
|
0.139 (0.252)
|
0.078 (0.269)
|
−0.055 (0.139)
|
0.168 (0.168)
|
−0.026 (0.172)
|
−0.094 (0.148)
|
|
p-value
|
0.238
|
0.209
|
0.582
|
0.772
|
0.691
|
0.319
|
0.879
|
0.529
|
|
Folate (μg DFE/d)
|
β (SE)
|
1.817 (0.933)
|
0.193 (0.659)
|
0.868 (0.887)
|
2.137 (0.984)
|
0.662 (0.495)
|
1.388 (0.586)
|
1.022 (0.594)
|
0.092 (0.517)
|
|
p-value
|
0.055
|
0.770
|
0.330
|
0.033
|
0.185
|
0.020
|
0.089
|
0.859
|
|
Normal (n = 121)
|
|
Vitamin B2 (mg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
0.020 (0.904)
|
−0.730 (0.699)
|
−0.551 (1.133)
|
1.215 (1.077)
|
−0.436 (0.573)
|
0.339 (0.554)
|
0.532 (0.807)
|
−0.100 (0.517)
|
|
p-value2)
|
0.983
|
0.298
|
0.628
|
0.262
|
0.448
|
0.541
|
0.511
|
0.847
|
|
Vitamin B6 (mg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
−0.460 (1.032)
|
1.434 (0.791)
|
0.544 (1.295)
|
2.484 (1.215)
|
0.047 (0.656)
|
0.627 (0.631)
|
−0.789 (0.921)
|
−0.474 (0.589)
|
|
p-value
|
0.657
|
0.073
|
0.675
|
0.043
|
0.943
|
0.323
|
0.394
|
0.423
|
|
Vitamin B12 (μg/d)
|
β (SE)
|
0.139 (0.259)
|
−0.083 (0.194)
|
−0.620 (0.316)
|
0.212 (0.309)
|
0.063 (0.163)
|
−0.146 (0.156)
|
0.038 (0.230)
|
0.213 (0.145)
|
|
p-value
|
0.593
|
0.670
|
0.052
|
0.495
|
0.700
|
0.351
|
0.870
|
0.146
|
|
Folate (μg DFE/d)
|
β (SE)
|
0.480 (0.741)
|
0.074 (0.576)
|
−1.373 (0.922)
|
0.630 (0.887)
|
−0.550 (0.468)
|
−0.230 (0.455)
|
0.067 (0.664)
|
0.262 (0.424)
|
|
p-value
|
0.518
|
0.898
|
0.139
|
0.479
|
0.242
|
0.615
|
0.920
|
0.538
|
- Data on intake and plasma level are log transformed. Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, marital status, education, current smoking, energy intake (ln), thyroid disease and vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, stroke and cardiovascular disease).
