Table 3 Coefficients from multiple regression analysis between dietary B vitamins intake and neuropsychological test scores according to AD, MCI and normal groups

All (n = 321)

20.6 ± 5.9

8.4 ± 3.5

9.4 ± 4.7

11.5 ± 5.5

3.1 ± 2.5

6.5 ± 3.0

3.7 ± 3.2

7.9 ± 2.7

 Vitamin B₂ (mg/d)

β (SE)

0.816 (0.702)

0.256 (0.451)

0.577 (0.645)

1.218 (0.670)

0.175 (0.332)

0.434 (0.428)

1.066 (0.419)

0.373 (0.341)

p- value

0.246

0.571

0.371

0.070

0.599

0.312

0.012

0.275

 Vitamin B₆ (mg/d)

β (SE)

0.321 (0.799)

1.039 (0.510)

0.443 (0.734)

1.581 (0.760)

0.330 (0.378)

0.666 (0.486)

0.737 (0.480)

−0.059 (0.388)

p-value

0.688

0.043

0.547

0.038

0.382

0.172

0.126

0.879

 Vitamin B₁₂ (μg/d)

β (SE)

0.177 (0.184)

0.023 (0.117)

0.045 (0.169)

0.293 (0.174)

0.043 (0.087)

0.082 (0.112)

0.094 (0.111)

0.121 (0.090)

p-value

0.338

0.841

0.792

0.093

0.620

0.467

0.398

0.179

 Folate (μg DFE/d)

β (SE)

0.953 (0.577)

0.157 (0.372)

0.249 (0.533)

1.095 (0.552)

0.263 (0.274)

0.395 (0.353)

0.848 (0.346)

−0.136 (0.282)

p-value

0.100

0.674

0.641

0.048

0.338

0.264

0.015

0.630

AD (n = 100)

 Vitamin B₂ (mg/d)

β (SE)

−0.734 (1.078)

0.185 (0.875)

0.406 (1.030)

−0.876 (1.046)

−0.015 (0.380)

−0.660 (0.897)

0.188 (0.438)

0.086 (0.717)

p-value

0.498

0.833

0.694

0.405

0.969

0.464

0.669

0.905

 Vitamin B₆ (mg/d)

β (SE)

0.427 (1.109)

0.863 (0.894)

0.900 (1.054)

0.638 (1.077)

0.415 (0.387)

0.292 (0.924)

0.472 (0.447)

0.597 (0.733)

p-value

0.701

0.337

0.395

0.555

0.287

0.753

0.294

0.418

 Vitamin B₁₂ (μg/d)

β (SE)

0.481 (0.268)

0.269 (0.216)

0.285 (0.261)

0.375 (0.261)

0.063 (0.087)

0.086 (0.226)

0.162 (0.107)

0.325 (0.180)

p-value

0.077

0.216

0.278

0.154

0.472

0.705

0.135

0.075

 Folate (μg DFE/d)

β (SE)

−0.457 (0.829)

−0.689 (0.669)

0.168 (0.792)

−0.368 (0.807)

0.237 (0.291)

−0.547 (0.689)

0.394 (0.334)

−0.814 (0.544)

p-value

0.583

0.306

0.832

0.649

0.417

0.430

0.242

0.138

MCI (n = 100)

 Vitamin B₂ (mg/d)

β (SE)

1.705 (1.089)

0.517 (0.762)

1.082 (1.027)

2.293 (1.145)

0.704 (0.575)

1.461 (0.682)

1.380 (0.684)

1.133 (0.587)

p-value

0.121

0.499

0.295

0.048

0.224

0.035

0.047

0.057

 Vitamin B₆ (mg/d)

β (SE)

−0.006 (1.251)

0.583 (0.863)

−0.779 (1.168)

0.781 (1.323)

0.172 (0.657)

1.083 (0.784)

1.205 (0.782)

−0.454 (0.677)

p-value

0.996

0.502

0.506

0.557

0.794

0.171

0.127

0.504

 Vitamin B₁₂ (μg/d)

β (SE)

−0.310 (0.261)

−0.236 (0.187)

0.139 (0.252)

0.078 (0.269)

−0.055 (0.139)

0.168 (0.168)

−0.026 (0.172)

−0.094 (0.148)

p-value

0.238

0.209

0.582

0.772

0.691

0.319

0.879

0.529

 Folate (μg DFE/d)

β (SE)

1.817 (0.933)

0.193 (0.659)

0.868 (0.887)

2.137 (0.984)

0.662 (0.495)

1.388 (0.586)

1.022 (0.594)

0.092 (0.517)

p-value

0.055

0.770

0.330

0.033

0.185

0.020

0.089

0.859

Normal (n = 121)

 Vitamin B₂ (mg/d)

β (SE)

0.020 (0.904)

−0.730 (0.699)

−0.551 (1.133)

1.215 (1.077)

−0.436 (0.573)

0.339 (0.554)

0.532 (0.807)

−0.100 (0.517)

p-value²⁾

0.983

0.298

0.628

0.262

0.448

0.541

0.511

0.847

 Vitamin B₆ (mg/d)

β (SE)

−0.460 (1.032)

1.434 (0.791)

0.544 (1.295)

2.484 (1.215)

0.047 (0.656)

0.627 (0.631)

−0.789 (0.921)

−0.474 (0.589)

p-value

0.657

0.073

0.675

0.043

0.943

0.323

0.394

0.423

 Vitamin B₁₂ (μg/d)

β (SE)

0.139 (0.259)

−0.083 (0.194)

−0.620 (0.316)

0.212 (0.309)

0.063 (0.163)

−0.146 (0.156)

0.038 (0.230)

0.213 (0.145)

p-value

0.593

0.670

0.052

0.495

0.700

0.351

0.870

0.146

 Folate (μg DFE/d)

β (SE)

0.480 (0.741)

0.074 (0.576)

−1.373 (0.922)

0.630 (0.887)

−0.550 (0.468)

−0.230 (0.455)

0.067 (0.664)

0.262 (0.424)

p-value

0.518

0.898

0.139

0.479

0.242

0.615

0.920

0.538