The effect of peanut and grain bar preloads on postmeal satiety, glycemia, and weight loss in healthy individuals: an acute and a chronic randomized intervention trial

Table 2 Change from baseline in participant characteristics at the end of the 8-week trial and at follow-up at week 16 by treatment group ¹

	n²wk8/wk16	Baseline	Week 8	p	Week 16	p
Body weight, kg*
Peanut	23/23	87.0 ± 3.9	−0.2 ± 0.3	0.033	0.2 ± 0.5	0.196
Grain bar	21/19	82.5 ± 3.7	−1.3 ± 0.4		−1.0 ± 0.6
Body fat, %*
Peanut	23/23	40.0 ± 1.7	−0.4 ± 0.3	0.429	−0.5 ± 0.3	0.089
Grain bar	21/19	40.6 ± 1.3	−0.7 ± 0.4		−1.6 ± 0.5
Waist circumference, cm*
Peanut	22/20	104.6 ± 2.9	−4.1 ± 1.1	0.254	−5.9 ± 1.6	0.495
Grain bar	21/18	99.5 ± 2.2	−1.5 ± 1.0		−4.4 ± 1.2
Serum fasting glucose, mmol/L
Peanut	23/21	5.5 ± 0.4†	−0.4 ± 0.3	0.254	−0.4 ± 0.3	0.554
Grain bar	21/18	5.0 ± 0.5	−0.1 ± 0.1		−0.02 ± 0.12
Hemoglobin A1c, %*
Peanut	22/20	5.67 ± 0.27	−0.18 ± 0.12	0.001	−0.16 ± 0.15	0.159
Grain bar	21/18	5.35 ± 0.10	−0.25 ± 0.07		−0.07 ± 0.06
Serum fasting insulin, uM
Peanut	23/21	22.5 ± 2.7	−1.5 ± 2.5	0.226	9.9 ± 13.3	0.632
Grain bar	21/18	20.8 ± 4.5	−6.5 ± 3.9		−7.1 ± 4.8

¹Data represent mean ± SE. P values for ANCOVA with baseline value as covariate; data not normally distributed (glucose and insulin) assessed for change by treatment using non-parametric Mann–Whitney test. *Indicates significant time effect at week 8 (repeated measures ANOVA). †Indicates significant difference at baseline between groups. ²Data shown for participants completing the 8-week trial (n = 23 and 21 for peanut and grain bar groups respectively). Reduced sample sizes indicate attrition at follow-up and/or missing data point.

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