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Table 1 Definition of food groups

From: Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire among pregnant women in a Mediterranean area

Food groups

Foods

Dairy Products (11)

whole milk; semi-skimmed milk; skimmed or low fat milk; condensed milk; full cream; whole and low fat yogurt; whole and low-fat cheese; custard, cream caramel, pudding; ice-cream

white meat (3)

Chicken or turkey with; and without skin; game (duck, quail, rabbit)

Red meat (4)

Beef, pork or lamb; liver; offal; hamburger

Processed meat (4)

ham, salami and others; sausages; pate; bacon

Lean fish (2)

hake, sole, gilthead and similar white fish type; assorted or mixed fried fish

Fatty fish (5)

swordfish, bonito, and fresh tuna; small oily fish (mackerel, sardine; anchovy); canned tuna; canned sardine or mackerel; dry or smoked fish.

Seafood (4)

clams, mussels; squid, octopus; shellfish (cramps, shrimps, lobster); surimi and other fish-based food products

Fruits (10)

oranges; orange juice; bananas; apples or pears; peaches, nectarines, or apricots; watermelon or melon; grapes; prunes or plums; kiwis; olives

Vegetables (12)

spinach; cabbage, cauliflower or broccoli; lettuce or endive; tomatoes; onions; carrots or squash; green beans; eggplant, zucchini, or cucumber; green, red, or yellow peppers; artichokes; asparagus; and garlic

Cereals and Pasta (4)

Breakfast cereals; corn; rice; pasta

Bread (2)

white and whole breads

Sweets and sugar (7)

biscuits; cookies; baked goods; added sugar; marmalade, honey; chocolate; chocolate/cocoa powder

Vegetable Fat (4)

Olive oil; sunflower, corn oils; margarine; mayonnaise