Consumption of cranberry polyphenols enhances human γδ-T cell proliferation and reduces the number of symptoms associated with colds and influenza: a randomized, placebo-controlled intervention study

Table 4 Cytokines secreted by PBMC ^a during 24 h culture ^b

Cytokine	Placebo beverage	Cranberry beverage	P^c
IL-1β	-519.7 ± 115.5^d	-187.8 ± 107.1	0.088
IFN-γ	-24.8 ± 33.4	148.1 ± 80.2	0.041
TNF-α	189.7 ± 155.9	367.2 ± 140.2	0.452
IL-17	16.8 ± 11.3	26.2 ± 16.7	0.973
IL-1α	-36.5 ± 20.0	-27.9 ± 29.7	0.496
MIP-1β	968.3 ± 533.1	1120.0 ± 470.3	0.395
IL-13	-3.1 ± 7.1	-11.5 ± 10.6	0.156

^aPBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells ^bOn Day 0, PBMC were cultured in RPMI-1640 with autologous serum and PHA-L, IL-2 and IL-15 ^cP values are two-tailed based on the Wilcoxon/Kruskai-Wallis Rank sum test ^dValues reported are the mean changes ± SEM of the 10-wk data minus the baseline data.