Consumption of cranberry polyphenols enhances human γδ-T cell proliferation and reduces the number of symptoms associated with colds and influenza: a randomized, placebo-controlled intervention study

Table 2 Demographics and cold and influenza symptoms

Characteristic	Placebo beverage	Cranberry beverage	P
Demographic
n	23	22
Age (y) ± SD^a	24.0 ± 3.3	24.9 ± 5.8
Male	5	9
Female	18	13
BMI^b, initial	21.5 ± 2.7	23.2 ± 4.0	0.103
Change in BMI (kg/m²) ± SD	-0.095 ± 0.52	-0.063 ± 0.37	0.810^c
No. blinded/guessed correctly (%)	23/23 (100)	5/22 (23)	<0.001
Compliance^d (%) ± SD	96.3 ± 4.6	95.9 ± 3.7	NSD^e
Cold and Influenza Symptoms
n ^f	20	15	0.624
Total incidence^g	31	21	0.282^h
Total cold and influenza symptoms	354	297	0.031^h
Incidence of intestinal distress	35	15	0.021^h
Total days missed work/school	29	20	0.329^h
Total times reported a decrease in activity	28	16	0.154^h

^aSD, standard deviation ^bBMI, body mass index ^c p value derived from t-test ^dBased on bottle count ^eNSD, not significantly different ^fNumber of people who reported symptoms ^gNumber of colds and cases of influenza reported. Some individuals had more than one illness during the 10 wk period ^hP value derived from z-test of proportions.

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