Table 2 Dietary intakes and plasma AC and AA according to dietary pattern score
From: The metabolic signature associated with the Western dietary pattern: a cross-sectional study
Low Prudent (≤0) (n = 20) | High Prudent (>0) (n = 17) | P-value1 | Low Western (≤0) (n = 16) | High Western (>0) (n = 21) | P-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dietary intakes | ||||||
Carbohydrate (%) | 49.38 ± 5.99 | 50.48 ± 6.37 | 0.35 | 51.91 ± 7.21 | 48.35 ± 4.73 | 0.35 |
Protein (%) | 17.14 ± 2.78 | 18.46 ± 2.26 | 0.20 | 18.20 ± 2.66 | 17.40 ± 2.58 | 0.43 |
Total fat (%) | 32.57 ± 6.15 | 31.93 ± 4.19 | 0.56 | 30.52 ± 5.89 | 33.61 ± 4.45 | 0.29 |
Saturated fat (%) | 11.41 ± 1.83 | 9.55 ± 2.11 | 0.004 | 9.11 ± 2.08 | 11.65 ± 1.47 | 0.0006 |
Monounsaturated fat (%) | 13.24 ± 3.06 | 13.48 ± 2.04 | 0.92 | 12.83 ± 2.98 | 13.75 ± 2.28 | 0.81 |
Polyunsaturated fat (%) | 5.30 ± 1.53 | 6.24 ± 1.30 | 0.07 | 5.97 ± 1.57 | 5.55 ± 1.44 | 0.17 |
Cholesterol (mg) | 329.88 ± 167.61 | 357.86 ± 188.90 | 0.84 | 263.76 ± 167.15 | 402.92 ± 160.78 | 0.07 |
Total fiber (g) | 19.38 ± 4.83 | 30.43 ± 7.03 | <0.0001 | 25.71 ± 7.53 | 23.51 ± 8.54 | 0.31 |
Acylcarnitines (ACs) | ||||||
C0 | 25.16 ± 5.07 | 27.50 ± 7.09 | 0.24 | 23.78 ± 6.73 | 28.10 ± 4.97 | 0.24 |
C2 | 5.55 ± 1.36 | 5.20 ± 1.55 | 0.57 | 5.33 ± 1.48 | 5.44 ± 1.44 | 0.76 |
C3 | 0.36 ± 0.14 | 0.29 ± 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.30 ± 0.12 | 0.34 ± 0.13 | 0.95 |
C4 | 0.18 ± 0.06 | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.44 | 0.16 ± 0.08 | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.46 |
C4:1-DC/C6 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.39 |
C5 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.64 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.39 |
C5-DC/C6-OH | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.62 |
C8:1 | 0.14 ± 0.08 | 0.12 ± 0.06 | 0.63 | 0.12 ± 0.08 | 0.13 ± 0.07 | 0.83 |
C10 | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.22 ± 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.17 ± 0.09 | 0.20 ± 0.11 | 0.47 |
C10:2 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.12 |
C12 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.31 |
C14:1 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.09 | <0.05 | 0.19 ± 0.08 | 0.19 ± 0.07 | 0.95 |
C14:1-OH | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.54 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.41 |
C14:2 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.89 |
C14:2-OH | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.63 |
C16 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.37 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.45 |
C16:2 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.65 |
C18:2 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.42 |
Amino acids | ||||||
xleucine | 183.95 ± 46.81 | 161.29 ± 26.70 | 0.03 | 152.94 ± 21.48 | 189.24 ± 44.08 | 0.03 |
Methionine | 28.37 ± 5.14 | 26.54 ± 4.32 | 0.05 | 24.25 ± 4.23 | 30.02 ± 3.60 | 0.0004 |
Arginine | 99.91 ± 32.87 | 95.81 ± 23.14 | 0.64 | 93.54 ± 27.05 | 101.44 ± 29.76 | 0.79 |
Phenylalanine | 48.18 ± 8.10 | 46.56 ± 4.91 | 0.31 | 43.86 ± 4.55 | 50.16 ± 7.02 | 0.007 |
Proline | 167.32 ± 58.74 | 157.68 ± 39.76 | 0.47 | 154.47 ± 44.03 | 169.30 ± 55.06 | 0.89 |
Ornitine | 49.06 ± 17.18 | 52.61 ± 15.80 | 0.48 | 45.44 ± 17.75 | 54.69 ± 14.51 | 0.33 |
Histidine | 93.59 ± 20.35 | 93.79 ± 13.96 | 0.94 | 93.55 ± 16.26 | 93.78 ± 17.74 | 0.65 |