Diet and toenail arsenic concentrations in a New Hampshire population with arsenic-containing water

Cottingham, Kathryn L; Karimi, Roxanne; Gruber, Joann F; Zens, M Scot; Sayarath, Vicki; Folt, Carol L; Punshon, Tracy; Morris, J Steven; Karagas, Margaret R

doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-149

Nutrition Journal

Table 2 Diet items that were associated with toenail arsenic across the whole population

From: Diet and toenail arsenic concentrations in a New Hampshire population with arsenic-containing water

		Crude models¹			Adjusted models²
								% change from 5^thto 95^thpercentile consumers³
Category	Item	$\hat{β}$ ± SE⁴	P	partial R²	$\hat{β}$ ± SE	P	partial R²	Males	Females
Meats	Dark meat fish (tuna steak, mackerel, salmon, sardines, bluefish, swordfish, 3–5 oz)	0.50 ± 0.22	0.025	0.8%	0.62 ± 0.22	0.004	1.5%	7.4	7.4
	Beef, calf, or pork liver (3–4 oz.)	-1.21 ± 0.52	0.019	0.9%	-0.89 ± 0.50	0.073	1.1%	-5.8	-5.8
	Hamburger (1 patty)	-0.32 ± 0.15	0.034	-0.1%	-0.32 ± 0.15	0.038	-0.3%	-12.6	-12.6
Dairy	Eggs (1)	-0.12 ± 0.05	0.036	0.4%	-0.10 ± 0.05	0.060	0.3%	-7.7	-7.7
Grains	Bran, added to food (1 Tbsp)	0.14 ± 0.08	0.094	0.4%	0.15 ± 0.08	0.048	1.0%	0.9	6.0
	Other grains (bulgur, kasha, couscous, etc.: 1 cup)	1.26 ± 0.46	0.006	1.9%	0.80 ± 0.45	0.074	2.4%	5.5	12.1
	Cold breakfast cereal (1 cup)	-0.12 ± 0.05	0.014	1.1%	-0.10 ± 0.05	0.039	1.2%	-11.6	-11.6
Fruits	Cantaloupe (1/4 melon)	0.22 ± 0.12	0.079	0.7%	0.25 ± 0.12	0.039	1.0%	9.7	9.7
Vegetables	Brussels sprouts (1/2 cup)	0.69 ± 0.27	0.010	0.3%	0.89 ± 0.26	0.001	1.0%	10.4	10.4
	Raw carrots (1/2 carrot or 2–4 sticks)	0.18 ± 0.08	0.025	0.4%	0.15 ± 0.08	0.048	0.7%	7.9	14.9
	Celery (4" stick)	0.25 ± 0.10	0.010	0.3%	0.29 ± 0.09	0.002	0.8%	11.3	21.8
	Eggplant or zucchini (1/2 cup)	0.44 ± 0.18	0.017	0.8%	0.37 ± 0.18	0.047	1.2%	6.5	20.8
	Tofu or soybeans (3–4 oz.)	0.58 ± 0.26	0.025	0.3%	0.46 ± 0.25	0.063	0.7%	3.1	6.8
	Salsa/red chili sauce (1 Tbsp)	0.53 ± 0.18	0.003	0.6%	0.33 ± 0.17	0.057	0.9%	4.8	4.8
Beverages	Beer, regular (1 glass, bottle, or can)	0.11 ± 0.03	0.001	0.8%	0.11 ± 0.03	0.001	1.1%	32.0	4.9
	Red wine (5 oz glass)	0.12 ± 0.05	0.012	0.5%	0.14 ± 0.05	0.003	1.3%	12.9	5.3
	White wine (5 oz glass)	0.27 ± 0.06	0.000	1.9%	0.27 ± 0.06	0.000	2.4%	12.1	23.3

Legend: Model results for the diet items with statistically significant associations with ln-transformed toenail arsenic, adjusted for tap water arsenic. Sample sizes ranged from n = 807-843. Bolding indicates a Q-value < 0.1.
¹“Crude” indicates the model with adjustment for tap water arsenic only.
²“Adjusted” indicates the model with adjustment for tap water arsenic, age, sex, caloric intake, daily water consumption, smoking status, case–control status, and season of toenail collection.
³These columns summarize the percent change in predicted toenail arsenic concentration from 5^th to 95^th percentile consumers for males and for females; gender is included since males and females consumed some diet items (e.g., beer, wine) differently.
⁴Units for the estimated coefficients are natural-log transformed (toenail arsenic concentration, μg/g) (servings/d)^-1.

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ISSN: 1475-2891

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