Use of food frequency questionnaire to assess relationships between dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors in NESCAV study: validation with biomarkers

Table 3 Correlations between FFQ-derived estimates and biomarkers

			Men			Women
FFQ-estimated daily dietary intakes		Biomarkers	Crude	Energy-adjusted model I	Energy-adjusted model II^£	Crude	Energy-adjusted model I	Energy-adjusted model II^£
Food groups	Fruits (g)	β-carotene (mg/L)	0.12†	0.13†	0.11†	0.15†	0.14†	0.1†
	Vegetables (g)	β-carotene (mg/L)	0.17‡	0.18‡	0.18‡	0.11†	0.08†	0.11†
	Fruits and vegetables (g)	β-carotene (mg/L)	0.18‡	0.19‡	0.17‡	0.14†	0.13†	0.1†
Micro-nutrients	Vitamin B12 (μg)	B12 (pg/ml)	0.06	0.13†	0.12†	0.11†	0.1†	0.09†
	Vitamin B9 (μg)	Serum folates (ng/ml)	0.27‡	0.35‡	0.29‡	0.28‡	0.36‡	0.32‡
	Vitamin B9 (μg)	Erythrocyte folates (ng/ml)	0.28‡	0.32‡	0.25‡	0.23‡	0.36‡	0.25‡
	Vitamin D (μg)	25-OH Vitamine D (ng/ml)	0.26†	0.28†	0.07†	0.55‡	0.54‡	0.06
	Vitamin E (mg)	α-tocopherol (mg/L)	0.05	0.13†	0.09†	0.11†	0.11†	0.05
	Iron (mg)	Iron (μmol/L)	-0.08	-0.04	-0.05	0.09†	0.07	0.06
	Iron (mg)	Ferritine (ng/ml)	-0.04	0.04	0.02	0.004	0.007	0.03
	Iron (mg)	Transferrine (g/L)	0.04	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.02
	Iodine (μg)	Iode/Creatinine ratio (μg/g)	0.11†	0.15†	0.11†	0.2‡	0.23‡	0.22‡
	β-carotene (μg)	β-carotene (mg/L)	0.18‡	0.2‡	0.2‡	0.22‡	0.22‡	0.22‡
	Sodium (mg)	Urine sodium (mmol/L)	0.06	0.1†	0.07	0.11†	0.12†	0.1

^£Correlations were adjusted for age, BMI, current smoking and specific micro-nutrient supplement use.
‡P < 0.001.
†P < 0.05.

ISSN: 1475-2891