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Table 4 Socioeconomic and demographic determinants of energy and macronutrient intakes

From: Food consumption patterns and associated factors among Vietnamese women of reproductive age

 

Total energy intake (Kcal/day)

Percent energy from carbohydrate (%)

Percent energy from fat (%)

Percent energy from protein (%)

Percent protein from animal sources (%)

β

95% CI

p-value

β

95% CI

p-value

β

95% CI

p-value

β

95% CI

p-value

β

95% CI

p-value

Participant characteristics

              

Age

-2

(-6, 3)

0.47

-0.1

(-0.1, 0.0)

0.001

0.1

(0.0, 0.1)

<0.001

0.00

(0.0, 0.0)

0.29

-0.1

(-0.2, 0.0)

0.001

Ethnicity (minority vs other)

43

(4, 81)

0.03

-0.1

(-0.5, 0.3)

0.63

0.0

(-0.3, 0.3)

0.95

0.2

(0.0, 0.3)

0.006

0.6

(0.0, 1.2)

0.05

Occupation (farmer vs other)

35

(-31, 100)

0.30

2.1

(1.4, 2.8)

<0.001

-1.4

(-2.0, -0.9)

<0.001

-0.7

(-0.9, -0.5)

<0.001

-4.6

(-5.7, -3.5)

<0.001

Education (Highest grade completed; ref = 0-5)

              

6-9

78

(9, 147)

0.03

-1.7

(-2.4, -0.9)

<0.001

1.4

(0.8, 1.9)

<0.001

0.4

(0.2, 0.6)

<0.001

2.9

(1.8, 4.1)

<0.001

10-12

43

(-34, 120)

0.27

-1.9

(-2.7, -1.0)

<0.001

1.4

(0.8, 2.1)

<0.001

0.5

(0.3, 0.8)

<0.001

3.7

(2.5, 5.0)

<0.001

College or higher

39

(-60, 138)

0.44

-2.1

(-3.2, -1.1)

<0.001

1.5

(0.6, 2.3)

<0.001

0.5

(0.2, 0.8)

0.007

3.2

(1.5, 4.8)

<0.001

Household characteristics

              

Food Insecurity status (ref = moderate or severe food insecurity)

             

Mild

51

(-14, 117)

0.13

-1.1

(-1.8, -0.4)

0.001

1.1

(0.5, 1.6)

<0.001

0.1

(-0.1, 0.3)

0.49

1.9

(0.8, 3.0)

<0.001

Secure

151

(100, 201)

<0.001

-1.8

(-2.4, -1.3)

<0.001

1.4

(1.0, 1.8)

<0.001

0.4

(0.2, 0.5)

<0.001

3.6

(2.8, 4.5)

<0.001

Socioeconomic status quintile (ref = poorest quintile)

             

Poorer

64

(5, 122)

0.03

-0.4

(-1.0, 0.2)

0.20

0.3

(-0.2, 0.8)

0.24

0.2

(0.0, 0.4)

0.03

1.1

(0.2, 2.1)

0.02

Average

80

(18, 143)

0.01

-0.9

(-1.5, -0.2)

0.01

0.6

(0.1, 1.1)

0.02

0.3

(0.2, 0.5)

<0.001

2.1

(1.1, 3.2)

<0.001

Richer

140

(74, 206)

<0.001

-2.1

(-2.8, -1.4)

<0.001

1.3

(0.7, 1.9)

<0.001

0.7

(0.5, 0.9)

<0.001

4.3

(3.2, 5.4)

<0.001

Richest

271

(197, 345)

<0.001

-3.1

(-3.9, -2.3)

<0.001

2.0

(1.4, 2.6)

<0.001

1.1

(0.8, 1.3)

<0.001

6.5

(5.3, 7.7)

<0.001

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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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