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Table 3 Risk a of frailty, pre-frailty and of the single frailty criteria in the quartiles of protein intake [g/kg BW] b

From: Distribution but not amount of protein intake is associated with frailty: a cross-sectional investigation in the region of Nürnberg

 

n

1 (<=0.90)

2 (0.91–1.07)

3 (1.08–1.27)

4 (>1.27)

P trend

Frailty

30

1.00

4.27 (0.66–27.60)

1.27 (0.22–7.74)

1.90 (0.36–9.88)

0.887

Pre-frailty

79

1.00

0.81 (0.30–2.24)

0.60 (0.23–1.56)

1.64 (0.50–5.35)

0.648

Weight loss

16

1.00

0.93 (0.18–4.78)

1.03 (0.20–5.31)

0.43 (0.09–2.18)

0.394

Exhaustion

43

1.00

2.02 (0.66–6.18)

1.10 (0.34–3.48)

1.76 (0.63–4.94)

0.428

Low hand grip strength

76

1.00

0.86 (0.33–2.28)

0.34 (0.13–0.88)*

0.70 (0.27–1.79)

0.182

Slow walking speed

43

1.00

5.66 (1.17–27.42)*

2.13 (0.48–9.58)

4.19 (0.94–18.71)

0.188

Low physical activity

39

1.00

0.90 (0.30–2.66)

0.43 (0.14–1.36)

0.37 (0.12–1.13)

0.021*

  1. a Odds ratio (95% confidence interval), calculated by multinomial logistic regression.
  2. adjusted for age and sex, IADL score, number of medications, and chewing difficulties.
  3. b with first quartile as reference indicating individuals with lowest protein intake.
  4. *p < 0.05.