Beneficial effects of Korean red ginseng on lymphocyte DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and LDL oxidation in healthy participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Table 1 Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure before and after intervention

	Placebo (n = 19)	Low-dose (n = 19)	High-dose (n = 19)	P ^a)
Age (yr)	37.0 ± 2.24	36.4 ± 1.73	35.3 ± 1.68	0.910
Male / Female (n)	7/12	7/12	9/10	0.747
Body mass index (BMI; kg/m²)
Pre-treatment	23.4 ± 0.60	24.0±0.93	23.5±0.70
Post-treatment	23.6 ± 0.67	24.3±0.93	23.6±0.65
Change	0.27±0.16	0.26±0.15	0.11±0.14	0.850
Cigarette smoker, n (%)	8 (42.1)	6 (31.6)	8 (42.1)	0.948
Alcohol drinker, n (%)	15 (78.9)	13 (68.4)	13 (68.4)	0.706
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Pre-treatment	115.3±2.92	118.8±3.22	117.5±2.32
Post-treatment	114.7±2.08	118.8±3.10	118.2±1.94
Change	−0.55±1.97	−0.03±0.19	0.74±1.65	0.740
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Pre-treatment	76.6±1.83	80.6±1.98	78.4±1.81
Post-treatment	75.6±1.93	77.3±2.14^*	76.2±1.71
Change	−0.92±1.88	−3.29±1.28	−2.16±1.75	0.599

Results are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) or n (%).
Baseline values for the placebo and test groups were not significantly different (nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test).
^* P < 0.05 compared with the baseline in each group (Wilcoxon signed-rank test).
^a) Evaluated by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test.

ISSN: 1475-2891