From: Coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk: further evidence for inverse relationship
 |  | All Prostate Cancers | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Total | n | Hazard Ratio (95% CI)a | p value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI)b | p value | ||||
Cups of coffee/day | ||||||||||
0 | 2,628 | (139) | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | ||||
1--2 | 2,059 | (114) | 0.89 | (0.69, | 1.16) | 0.39 | 0.95 | (0.72, | 1.24) | 0.70 |
≥3 | 1,330 | (65) | 0.81 | (0.60, | 1.09) | 0.18 | 0.93 | (0.66, | 1.31) | 0.66 |
Cups of coffee (continuous) | 6,017 | (318) | 0.95 | (0.87, | 1.02) | 0.12 | 0.96 | (0.81, | 1.13) | 0.64 |
Age at screening | ||||||||||
< 40 | 823 | (30) | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | ||||
40-49 | 2,621 | (129) | 1.85 | (1.24, | 2.76) | 0.003 | 1.73 | (1.16, | 2.59) | 0.008 |
50-59 | 2,424 | (150) | 4.49 | (3.01, | 6.68) | <0.001 | 4.13 | (2.74, | 6.22) | <0.001 |
60-75 | 149 | (9) | 9.28 | (4.36, | 19.73) | <0.001 | 8.21 | (3.80, | 17.72) | <0.001 |
Cholesterol level | 6,017 | (318) | 1.02 | (0.91, | 1.14) | 0.71 | 1.01 | (0.91, | 1.13) | 0.80 |
Systolic blood pressure | 6,017 | (318) | 1.00 | (0.99, | 1.01) | 0.83 | 0.99 | (0.99, | 1.01) | 0.57 |
BMI (kg m -2 ) | ||||||||||
<25 (Under & Desirable) | 2,967 | (152) | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | ||||
25 – <30 (Overweight) | 2,691 | (148) | 1.10 | (0.88, | 1.38) | 0.41 | 1.11 | (0.88, | 1.40) | 0.39 |
≥30 (Obese) | 359 | (18) | 1.25 | (0.77, | 2.05) | 0.37 | 1.28 | (0.77, | 2.11) | 0.34 |
Alcohol intake (units/week) | ||||||||||
0 | 1,892 | (115) | Â | 1 | Â | Â | Â | 1 | Â | Â |
1--10 | 1,740 | (102) | 0.97 | (0.74, | 1.27) | 0.83 | 0.99 | (0.75, | 1.30) | 0.92 |
11--21 | 1,213 | (52) | 0.83 | (0.60, | 1.15) | 0.28 | 0.87 | (0.62, | 1.22) | 0.42 |
> 21 | 1,172 | (49) | 0.94 | (0.67, | 1.32) | 0.71 | 0.98 | (0.69, | 1.39) | 0.92 |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Never smoker | 1,094 | (68) | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | ||||
Smoker | 3,492 | (136) | 0.92 | (0.71, | 1.27) | 0.59 | 0.93 | (0.69, | 1.26) | 0.65 |
Ex-smoker | 1,430 | (114) | 1.43 | (1.05, | 1.93) | 0.02 | 1.43 | (1.05, | 1.94) | 0.02 |
Social Class | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
I&II | 2,007 | (122) | 1 | Â | 1 | Â | ||||
IIIN | 1,220 | (68) | 0.88 | (0.64, | 1.22) | 0.45 | 0.97 | (0.68, | 1.39) | 0.88 |
IIIM | 1,114 | (75) | 1.14 | (0.85, | 1.54) | 0.38 | 1.16 | (0.85, | 1.58) | 0.34 |
IV&V | 1,676 | (53) | 0.97 | (0.73, | 1.29) | 0.83 | 1.02 | (0.74, | 1.39) | 0.92 |