Growth and weight status in treatment-naïve 12-16 year old adolescents with Alcohol Use Disorders in Cape Town, South Africa

Table 2 Comparison of anthropometry, physical activity and energy intake between Control and AUD groups

	Control Group		AUDs Group
		%		%	p-value	z
Anthropometry
Weight (kg)	52 (46-62)		53 (46-62)		0.745	-0.32
Height (m)	1.60 (1.56-1.65)		1.60 (1.53-1.65)		0.487	0.70
Height-for-age Z-score	-0.58 (1.03)		-0.59 (1.01)		0.672	0.42
Males	-0.73 (1.07)		-0.45 (1.14)		0.348	0.94
Females	-0.47 (0.99)		-0.69 (0.89)		0.673	-0.42
Body mass index-for-age Z-score	0.29 (1.42)		0.25 (1.38)		0.821	-0.23
Males	0.12 (1.52)		-0.11 (1.42)		0.219	-1.23
Females	0.41 (1.34)		0.52 (1.31)		0.327	0.98
Physical activity and inactivity
Participate in physical activities (%yes) *		33		33
Males (%yes) *		48		39
Females (%yes) *		21		28
Total weekly active time (minutes) ^a	0 (0-120)		0 (0-120)		0.740	-0.33
Males: weekly active time	0 (0-240)		0 (0-240)		0.382	-0.87
Females: weekly active time	0 (0-0)		0 (0-60)		0.690	0.40
Participate in sedentary activities (%yes) *		100		99
Total weekly sedentary time (minutes) ^b	1001 (570)		1091 (569)		0.949	0.06
Males: weekly sedentary time	937 (590)		1093 (561)		0.349	0.94
Females: weekly sedentary time	1047 (558)		1089 (580)		0.327	-0.98
Energy intake
Energy (kilojoules), excluding alcohol energy ^c	8965 (7240-10661)		10063 (8245-11683)		0.047	1.98
Males: energy excluding alcohol	9461 (8010-10835)		11206 (9622-12496)		0.034	2.11
Females: energy excluding alcohol	8342 (7003-9944)		9291 (7923-10941)		0.254	1.14
Total estimated energy (kilojoules), including alcohol energy ^d	8965 (7240-10661)		11028 (9072-13014)		< 0.001	4.20
Males: energy including alcohol	9461 (8010-10835)		11684 (10181-13521)		< 0.001	3.69
Females: energy including alcohol	8342 (7003-9944)		10481 (8847-11726)		0.005	2.81

Notes: Variables are median and interquartile range except for height-for-age Z-score, body mass index-for-age Z-score, total weekly sedentary time, which are mean and standard deviation
n-values: Anthropometry: Control n = 79; AUDs n = 79; Physical activity and inactivity and Energy intake: n = 80 per group; males n = 33 and females n = 47
Height-for-age and body mass index-for-age expressed in Z-scores of the World Health Organisation Growth Reference for ages 5 to 19 years [20]
Smoking group includes light smokers (lifetime < 100 cigarettes) and regular smokers (lifetime > 100 cigarettes)
Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression used to compare groups, adjusting for gender, smoking status, physical activity (total weekly active time) and total estimated energy intake (including alcohol energy)
^a Total weekly active time: sum of minutes per week spent doing regular (weekly) organised sporting activities
^b Total weekly sedentary time: sum in minutes per week spent watching television and using a computer
^c Energy intake, excluding estimated average daily alcohol energy
^d Total estimated energy intake, including average daily alcohol energy estimated from average daily alcohol intake (grams) per participant in the alcohol use disorder group
* No significant differences between Control and AUD groups using χ² or Fischer's exact test

ISSN: 1475-2891