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Table 2 Comparison of anthropometry, physical activity and energy intake between Control and AUD groups

From: Growth and weight status in treatment-naïve 12-16 year old adolescents with Alcohol Use Disorders in Cape Town, South Africa

  Control Group AUDs Group   
   %   % p-value z
Anthropometry       
Weight (kg) 52 (46-62)   53 (46-62)   0.745 -0.32
Height (m) 1.60 (1.56-1.65)   1.60 (1.53-1.65)   0.487 0.70
Height-for-age Z-score -0.58 (1.03)   -0.59 (1.01)   0.672 0.42
   Males -0.73 (1.07)   -0.45 (1.14)   0.348 0.94
   Females -0.47 (0.99)   -0.69 (0.89)   0.673 -0.42
Body mass index-for-age Z-score 0.29 (1.42)   0.25 (1.38)   0.821 -0.23
   Males 0.12 (1.52)   -0.11 (1.42)   0.219 -1.23
   Females 0.41 (1.34)   0.52 (1.31)   0.327 0.98
Physical activity and inactivity       
Participate in physical activities (%yes) *   33   33   
   Males (%yes) *   48   39   
   Females (%yes) *   21   28   
Total weekly active time (minutes) a 0 (0-120)   0 (0-120)   0.740 -0.33
   Males: weekly active time 0 (0-240)   0 (0-240)   0.382 -0.87
   Females: weekly active time 0 (0-0)   0 (0-60)   0.690 0.40
Participate in sedentary activities (%yes) *   100   99   
Total weekly sedentary time (minutes) b 1001 (570)   1091 (569)   0.949 0.06
   Males: weekly sedentary time 937 (590)   1093 (561)   0.349 0.94
   Females: weekly sedentary time 1047 (558)   1089 (580)   0.327 -0.98
Energy intake       
Energy (kilojoules), excluding alcohol energy c 8965 (7240-10661)   10063 (8245-11683)   0.047 1.98
   Males: energy excluding alcohol 9461 (8010-10835)   11206 (9622-12496)   0.034 2.11
   Females: energy excluding alcohol 8342 (7003-9944)   9291 (7923-10941)   0.254 1.14
Total estimated energy (kilojoules), including alcohol energy d 8965 (7240-10661)   11028 (9072-13014)   < 0.001 4.20
   Males: energy including alcohol 9461 (8010-10835)   11684 (10181-13521)   < 0.001 3.69
   Females: energy including alcohol 8342 (7003-9944)   10481 (8847-11726)   0.005 2.81
  1. Notes: Variables are median and interquartile range except for height-for-age Z-score, body mass index-for-age Z-score, total weekly sedentary time, which are mean and standard deviation
  2. n-values: Anthropometry: Control n = 79; AUDs n = 79; Physical activity and inactivity and Energy intake: n = 80 per group; males n = 33 and females n = 47
  3. Height-for-age and body mass index-for-age expressed in Z-scores of the World Health Organisation Growth Reference for ages 5 to 19 years [20]
  4. Smoking group includes light smokers (lifetime < 100 cigarettes) and regular smokers (lifetime > 100 cigarettes)
  5. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression used to compare groups, adjusting for gender, smoking status, physical activity (total weekly active time) and total estimated energy intake (including alcohol energy)
  6. a Total weekly active time: sum of minutes per week spent doing regular (weekly) organised sporting activities
  7. b Total weekly sedentary time: sum in minutes per week spent watching television and using a computer
  8. c Energy intake, excluding estimated average daily alcohol energy
  9. d Total estimated energy intake, including average daily alcohol energy estimated from average daily alcohol intake (grams) per participant in the alcohol use disorder group
  10. * No significant differences between Control and AUD groups using χ2 or Fischer's exact test
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