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Table 3 Effect of Diabetes status, race and diet on APP*

From: Monounsaturated fatty acid, carbohydrate intake, and diabetes status are associated with arterial pulse pressure

Model 1 Carbohydrate/Fiber

B-unstandardized coefficient (95% CI)

SE

P

Diabetes (yes)

0.744 (0.436,1.05)

0.145

< 0.001

RACE [F(2,15) = 0.539]

-

-

0.594

MA

0.060 (0.015, 0.106)

0.021

0.012

BNH

0.059 (0.019, 0.099)

0.019

0.006

WNH (reference) †

Diabetes*RACE [F(2,15) = 7.39]

-

-

0.006

Diabetes (yes) MA

-0.054(-0.134, 0.026)

0.038

0.171

Diabetes(yes) BNH

-0.112(-0.179, -0.045

0.032

0.003

Diabetes(yes) WNH (reference) ‡

-

-

-

CHO (gm)

0.051 (-0.005, 0.106)

0.026

0.071

Fiber (gm)

-0.014 (-0.029, -0.0003)

0.007

0.050

Kcal

-0.002(-0.004, 0.001)

0.001

0.161

Diabetes (yes) *CHO‡‡

-0.118 (-0.178, -0.058)

0.028

0.001

Current Smoker (yes)

0.022 (0.001, 0.043)

0.010

0.041

Age (yrs)

0.008 (0.007,0.009)

0.0001

< 0.001

Gender (male)

0.022 (-0.014, 0.058)

0.017

0.208

BMI (m/kg2)

0.045(-0.024,0.114)

0.032

0.182

Model summary: R2 = 0.184; F(13,4) = 36.5, p < 0.001

Model 2 MUFA/SFA

B (95% CI)

SE

P

Diabetes (Yes)

0.299 (0.195, 0.403)

0.049

< 0.001

RACE [F(2,15) = 0.351]

  

0.710

MA

0.058 (0.012, 0.104)

0.022

0.017

BNH

0.065 (0.022, 0.107)

0.020

0.005

WNH (reference)

Diabetes*RACE [F(2,15) = 7.12]

-

-

0.007

Diabetes (yes) MA

-0.063(-0.137, 0.001)

0.035

0.088

Diabetes (yes) BNH

-0.112(-0.179,-0.044)

0.032

0.003

Diabetes (yes) WNH (reference) ‡

MUFA

-0.019(- 0.040,0.002)

0.010

0.072

SFA

0.010(-0.006,0.026)

0.008

0.186

Kcal

0.001(-0.002, 0.003)

0.001

0.547

Diabetes (yes) *MUFA‡‡

-0.035 (-0.055, -0.014)

0.010

0.011

Current Smoker (Yes)

0.024 (0.004, 0.045)

0.010

0.020

Age (yrs)

0.008 (0.007, 0.009)

0.0001

< 0.001

Gender (male)

0.021(-0.013, 0.056)

0.016

0.208

BMI (m/kg2)

0.054(-0.18,0.126)

0.034

0.134

Model summary: R2 = 0.184; F(13, 4) = 72.9, p < 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: APP = arterial pulse pressure; MA = Mexican Americans; BNH = Black, non-Hispanics; WHN = White, non-Hispanics; MUFA = monounsaturated fatty acids; SFA = saturated fatty acids; Kcal = kilocalories per day (energy intake); BMI = body mass index.
  2. * Complete data were available for N = 4236 participants and sample weights were applied. BMI was natural log-transformed and Kcal was transformed by the square root.
  3. † MA and BNH are compared to WNH regarding APP and have higher APP than WNH (positive coefficient).
  4. ‡ MA and BNH with diabetes are compared to WNH with diabetes and have lower APP (negative coefficients, significant for MA, only)
  5. ‡‡ All participants with diabetes that consume higher CHO and higher MUFA have lower APP than those without diabetes.
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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