A cross-sectional investigation of regional patterns of diet and cardio-metabolic risk in India

Nutrition Journal

Table 3 Top 10 loading food items* for primary and secondary factors by region, India Health Study

	Delhi (n = 824)			Trivandrum (n = 2,247)			Mumbai (n = 743)
	Food item	1°	2°	Food item	1°	2°	Food item	1°	2°
1	other white fruit^║	56	-	pulses with vegetables	64	-	orange vegetables	59	-
2	palak paneer/green leafy mixed dish	52	-	tea	61	-	green fruit	57	-
3	sandwiches^¶	52	-	fermented pulse and rice/dosa	52	-	orange fruit	56	-
4	pulses with rice/khichri	48	-	other mixed vegetable dishes^‡	50	-	cauliflower/radish/cruciferous	45	-
5	non-citrus fruit juice	46	-	plain rice	45	-50	tea	-44	-
6	soups	45	-	chutneys	44	-	curd/yogurt	43	-
7	other fruits, local/exotic	43	-	cabbage/green leafy cruciferous	41	-	chutneys	43	32
8	chutneys	43	-	other green vegetables^†	38	-	other white fruit^║	41	-
9	eggplant/purple vegetables	41	-	fermented rice	36	-	gourd vegetables	41	-
10	pilaf/mixed rice	40	-	potato	30	-	upma/paratha/wheat with fat	40	-
1	potato with other green vegetables^†	-	57	cereal-based sweets^§	-	46	fried savory snacks, fresh^§	-	67
2	gourd vegetable	-	54	pulse-based sweets^§	-	43	egg	-	58
3	spinach/green leafy vegetables	-	48	fried savory snacks, fresh^§	-	39	spinach/green leafy vegetables	-	-53
4	tea	-	46	red vegetables	-	36	fried savory snacks, dry^§	-	45
5	cauliflower/radish/cruciferous vegetables	-	45	fried savory snacks, dry^§	-	35	potato with other green vegetables^†	-	-43
6	pulses with skin	-	44	fresh fish	-	-34	eggplant/purple vegetables	-	-40
7	fried savory snacks, fresh^§	-	-44	banana	-	30	potato with cruciferous vegetables	-	-37
8	upma/paratha/wheat with fat	-	-42	eggplant/purple vegetables	-	30	pulses with skin	-	-35
9	biscuits	-	41				ice cream/kulfi/sorbet	-	32
10	pickles	-	-37				nuts	-	31

N = 824; 2,247; 743 in Delhi, Trivandrum, and Mumbai, respectively
*Rotated factor pattern; values (correlation coefficients) are multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest integer; top factor loadings (≥|30|) for food items are presented; factor loadings <30 are not shown for simplicity
^║other than banana (e.g., lichi, pear, guava, musk melon, quince)
^¶not including hamburgers/fast-food, e.g., vegetable, chicken, or cheese sandwiches;
^†other than leafy or cruciferous (e.g., peas, capsicum, ladies finger)
^‡vegetable curries and stews (e.g., avial, theeyal)
^§Indian snacks/sweets: fresh fried savory (e.g., vada, samosa); dry fried savory (e.g., murukku, fruit chips); non-fried savory (e.g., vegetable puff, mince pie, dhokla); cereal-based sweet (e.g., halwa, rice puttu, diwali); milk-based sweet (e.g., custard, khoa); pulse-based sweet (e.g., ladoo, puran poli); fruit/vegetable-based sweet (e.g., carrot/gourd halwa, fried bananas)

ISSN: 1475-2891