Measures | All n = 74 | Passed n = 52 | Failed n = 22 | Did not attend all course exams n = 27 |
---|---|---|---|---|
GPA (%) | 64.3 ± 9.2 | 68.3 ± 6.9 | 54.7 ± 6.2 | / |
Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Gender (% of females) | 77.0 | 82.7 | 63.6 | 40.7 |
Age (yrs) | 18.0 ± 0.6 | 17.9 ± 0.5 | 18.1 ± 0.8 | 18.3 ± 0.9 |
Ethnicity (% of students of which one of the parents is from foreign origin) | 20.9 | 23.3 | 15.4 | 20.0 |
Residency (% living in student residence) | 47.3 | 48.1 | 45.5 | 25.9 |
GPA in the last year of secondary school (%) | 68.6 ± 7.5 | 70.0 ± 6.9 | 65.0 ± 8.0 | 63.6 ± 6.3 |
Socio-Economic Status (SES) c | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Education father (% diploma higher education) | 57.2 | 48.3 | 77.0 | 46.7 |
Education mother (% diploma higher education) | 69.0 | 70.0 | 66.6 | 60.0 |
Smoking (% non-smokers) | 95.9 | 96.2 | 95.5 | 96.2 |
Dieting status (% dieters) b | 11.0 | 9.8 | 13.6 | 11.5 |
Anthropometrics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Initial weight (kg) | 61.8 ± 9.3 | 61.0 ± 8.0 | 63.5 ± 12.0 | 66.7 ± 14.0 |
Initial BMI (kg/m2) | 21.7 ± 2.7 | 21.5 ± 2.5 | 22.0 ± 3.1 | 22.1 ± 3.3 |
Initial fat% (%) | 22.5 ± 7.1 | 22.8 ± 7.4 | 21.9 ± 6.7 | 19.2 ± 6.5 |
Initial WC (cm) | 70.4 ± 6.4 | 69.6 ± 5.6 | 72.3 ± 7.9 | 73.5 ± 8.0 |
Weight change (kg) | 0.7 ± 2.0 | 0.4 ± 1.9 | 1.6 ± 1.8 | 1.6 ± 2.2 |
BMI change (kg/m2) | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.1 ± 0.8 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.8 |
Fat% change (%) | 1.0 ± 2.4 | 0.7 ± 2.5 | 1.5 ± 2.0 | 0.5 ± 2.8 |
WC change (cm) | -0.0 ± 2.3 | -0.5 ± 2.3 | 1.0 ± 2.1 | 1.2 ± 2.2 |
Physical activity d | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Active transportation (walking and cycling) (min/week) | 179.7 ± 123.5 | 175.7 ± 119.5 | 189.5 ± 135.3 | 193.5 ± 118.4 |
Sport participation (min/week) | 146.1 ± 180.1 | 152.7 ± 180.4 | 130.7 ± 182.9 | 117.4 ± 161.0 |
Total physical activity (min/week) | 324.8 ± 211.7 | 326.8 ± 220.3 | 320.2 ± 195.4 | 310.8 ± 222.8 |
Sedentary behaviour a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
TV/DVD watching on weekdays (hours/day) | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.8 |
TV/DVD watching on weekend days (hours/day) | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 1.3 |
Reading and studying on weekdays (hours/day) | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 1.1 |
Reading and studying on weekend days (hours/day) | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 1.5 |
Computer activities on week days (hours/day) | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.2 |
Computer activities on weekend days (hours/day) | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 1.5 |
Video games on weekdays (hours/day) | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.3 ± 1.0 |
Video games on weekend days (hours/day) | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 1.2 | 0.6 ± 1.1 |
Eating habits | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Eating breakfast (#/week)a | 5.7 ± 2.2 | 5.5 2.3 | 6.0 ± 2.0 | 5.8 ± 2.3 |
Eating lunch (#/week)a | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 6.6 ± 1.0 | 6.7 ± 0.9 |
Eating dinner (#/week)a | 6.7 ± 0.9 | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 6.8 ± 0.5 |
Eating at home with parents (#/week)a | 3.8 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 4.6 ± 2.1 |
Eating at student restaurant (#/week)a | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 2.1 | 1.8 ± 1.9 |
Eating at fast food restaurant (#/week)a | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 |
Eating at other kind of restaurant (#/week)a | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 |
Eating at a friend’s place (#/week)a | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.5 |
Fruit consumption (#/day)b | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 1.1 |
Vegetable consumption (#/day)b | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 1.0 |
Soda consumption (#/day)b | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 1.3 | 1.2 ± 1.3 |
French fries consumption (#/week)b | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |
Fast food consumption (#/week)b | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 0.9 |
Alcohol | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Frequency of alcohol use (#/week)b | 0.8 ± 1.5 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 2.4 | 0.8 ± 1.3 |
Frequency of alcohol consumptions (# on drinking days)c | 2.7 ± 2.0 | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 2.9 ± 2.2 | 3.1 ± 3.0 |
Sleeping habits c | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hours of sleep on weekdays (hours/day) | 7.8 ± 1.0 | 7.8 ± 1.0 | 7.9 ± 1.1 | 7.6 ± 0.9 |
Hours of sleep on weekend days (hours/day) | 9.4 ± 1.2 | 9.4 ± 1.2 | 9.3 ± 1.3 | 9.2 ± 1.2 |
Stress | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mental stress (PSS score*)e | 13.6 ± 5.9 | 13.5 ± 6.0 | 13.8 ± 5.8 | 14.4 ± 6.5 |