Table 1 Characteristic of participants in the study, weighted
From: Association between dietary vitamin C and abdominal aortic calcification among the US adults
| Â | Tertiles of dietary vitamin C intake (mg/day) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tertile1: 21.57 ± 10.78 (n = 766) | Tertile 2: 64.44 ± 15.47 (n = 765) | Tertile 3: 160.90 ± 64.85 (n = 766) | All: 82.46 ± 70.09 (n = 2297) | P-value | |
Age (years) | 56.82 ± 11.15 | 57.16 ± 11.28 | 59.43 ± 11.60 | 57.81 ± 11.41 |  < 0.0001 |
Gender, N (%) | |||||
 Male | 352 (50.88) | 357 (45.57) | 380 (49.56) | 1089 (48.66) |  |
 Female | 414 (49.12) | 408 (54.43) | 386 (50.44) | 1208 (51.34) | 0.0965 |
Race/ethnicity, N (%) | |||||
 Hispanic | 133 (9.25) | 190 (12.34) | 189 (13.39) | 512 (11.67) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 411 (74.18) | 352 (71.26) | 330 (69.76) | 1093 (71.72) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 158 (10.55) | 131 (8.35) | 141 (9.31) | 430 (9.40) |  |
 Others | 64 (6.02) | 92 (8.05) | 106 (7.54) | 262 (7.21) | 0.0751 |
Poverty ratio, N (%) | |||||
 ≥ 1.3 | 508 (79.18) | 573 (84.97) | 585 (84.26) | 1666 (82.81) |  |
 < 1.3 | 258 (20.82) | 192 (15.03) | 181 (15.74) | 631 (17.19) | 0.0063 |
BMI(kg/m2) | 28.99 ± 5.26 | 28.70 ± 5.44 | 27.88 ± 5.77 | 28.52 ± 5.52 | 0.0003 |
Cholesterol(mg/dL) | 201.25 ± 42.66 | 199.06 ± 42.08 | 193.69 ± 38.49 | 197.99 ± 41.24 | 0.0011 |
Creatinine(mg/dL) | 0.94 ± 0.46 | 0.91 ± 0.30 | 0.93 ± 0.27 | 0.93 ± 0.35 | 0.1168 |
Serum phosphorus (mg/dL) | 3.80 ± 0.56 | 3.88 ± 0.57 | 3.80 ± 0.55 | 3.82 ± 0.56 | 0.0078 |
Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.43 ± 0.34 | 9.48 ± 0.37 | 9.47 ± 0.38 | 9.46 ± 0.37 | 0.0434 |
ALT | 24.77 ± 15.44 | 24.68 ± 12.61 | 23.99 ± 23.35 | 24.48 ± 17.73 | 0.6413 |
AST | 25.79 ± 16.53 | 24.54 ± 9.11 | 25.25 ± 14.93 | 25.19 ± 13.89 | 0.2149 |
AIP | 3.36 ± 2.44 | 3.06 ± 2.65 | 2.93 ± 2.45 | 3.12 ± 2.52 | 0.0030 |
Hypertension, N (%) | |||||
 Yes | 265 (31.14) | 252 (27.21) | 272 (31.91) | 789 (30.08) |  |
 No | 501 (68.86) | 513 (72.79) | 494 (68.09) | 1508 (69.92) | 0.0977 |
Diabetes, N (%) | |||||
 Yes | 184 (17.68) | 185 (17.72) | 135 (12.94) | 504 (16.11) |  |
 No | 582 (82.32) | 580 (82.28) | 631 (87.06) | 1793 (83.89) | 0.0136 |
Coronary heart disease history, N (%) | |||||
 Yes | 48 (7.24) | 36 (4.12) | 48 (5.34) | 132 (5.56) |  |
 No | 718 (92.76) | 729 (95.88) | 718 (94.66) | 2165 (94.44) | 0.0269 |
Angina/angina pectoris history, N (%) | |||||
 Yes | 37 (4.64) | 23 (2.93) | 20 (2.44) | 80 (3.33) |  |
 No | 729 (95.36) | 742 (97.07) | 746 (97.56) | 2217 (96.67) | 0.0428 |
Smoking status, N (%) | |||||
 Yes | 596 (74.37) | 552 (69.13) | 548 (73.65) | 1696 (72.40) |  |
 No | 170 (25.63) | 213 (30.87) | 218 (26.35) | 601 (27.60) | 0.1491 |
Alcohol consumption, N (%) | |||||
 Yes | 664 (89.27) | 659 (89.00) | 645 (87.74) | 1968 (88.67) |  |
 No | 102 (10.73) | 106 (11.00) | 121 (12.26) | 329 (11.33) | 0.6026 |
Daily energy intake (kcal/d) | 1869.75 ± 700.64 | 2034.95 ± 812.14 | 2140.86 ± 712.22 | 2015.64 ± 751.87 |  < 0.0001 |