Table 2 Characteristics of adolescents who participated in the TACKLE study by parental education, percentage, mean(95% CI) (N = 826) ^a

Sex

Female

24.2

21.0

54.8

0.230

Male

27.7

23.5

48.8

Ethnicity

Ethnic Norwegian

12.8

23.4

63.8

< 0.001

Ethnic minority

57.4

19.1

23.5

Family structure

Lives with both parents

19.9

21.3

58.8

< 0.001

Other living conditions

41.6

25.2

33.2

Neighbourhood income

High

11.3

21.1

65.6

< 0.001

Low

40.0

23.2

36.8

Soft drinks intake

Lower intake/week

20.2

18.0

61.8

< 0.001

Higher intake/week

32.3

27.0

40.7

Age (years)

12.4 (12.3, 12.4)

12.4 (12.3, 12.4)

12.4 (12.4, 12.5)

0.012

Self-efficacy

3.2 (3.4, 3.6)

3.7 (3.5, 3.8)

3.7 (3.6, 3.8)

0.032

Rules for SSB intake

3.5 (3.3,3.7)

3.6 (3.4, 3.8)

3.7 (3.6, 3.8)

0.171

Perceived accessibility of SSB at home

2.1 (1.2, 2.3)

2.2 (2.1, 2.3)

1.9 (1.8, 1.9)

< 0.001

Parental modeling for SSB intake

1.7 (1.6, 1.8)

1.8 (1.6, 1.9)

1.6 (1.5, 1.6)

0.009

Perceived price of food item

2.7 (2.5, 2.8)

2.8 (2.6, 3.0)

2.7 (2.6, 2.8)

0.634

Maternal norm

4.5 (4.4, 4.6)

4.6 (4.5, 4.7)

4.7 (4.6, 4.7)

0.035

Paternal norm

4.6 (4.5, 4.6)

4.6 (4.5, 4.7)

4.7 (4.7, 4.7)

0.001

Perceived accessibility of SSB in the neighborhood stores

3.5 (3.4, 3.7)

3.5 (3.3, 3.7)

3.7 (3.5, 3.8)

0.402

Frequency of food/drink purchase from the neighborhood shops

1.8 (1.6,2.0)

1.2 (1.0, 1.4)

1.0 (0.9, 1.1)

< 0.001

Perceived neighborhood accessibility of grocery stores

4.5 (4.4, 4.7)

4.5 (4.38, 4.69)

4.7 (4.6, 4.8)

0.074

Perceived neighborhood accessibility of kiosk

3.8 (3.7, 4.0)

4.0 (3.8, 4.2)

4.0 (3.9, 4.1)

0.275

Perceived neighborhood accessibility of fast-food shops

3.7 (3.5, 3.9)

3.5 (3.3, 3.7)

3.4 (3.3, 3.5)

0.025

Travel time to the nearest grocery stores(minutes)

7.1 (6.3, 8.0)

7.1 (6.4, 7.9)

6.5 (6.0,7.0)

0.295

Travel time to the nearest kiosks (minutes)

11.8 (10.5, 13.1)

11.2 (9.9, 12.4)

11.4 (10.6, 12.3)

0.741

Travel time to the nearest fruit and vegetable stores (minutes)

11.2 (10.0, 12.5)

12.5 (11.0, 13.9)

12.5 (11.6, 13.4)

0.229

Travel time to the nearest fast-food shops (minutes)

13.7 (12.5, 15.0)

16.4 (15.0, 17.9)

16.3 (15.4, 17.2)

0.002

Distance to the nearest grocery stores (in meters)

454.2 (409.8, 498.6

561.2 (512.0, 610.4)

543.6 (513.1, 574.1)

0.002

Distance to the nearest total fast-food outlets (in meters)

675.0 (614.0, 736.1)

759.6 (698.1, 821.0)

741.9 (697.3, 786.6)

0.176

Distance to the nearest restaurants (in meters)

922.7 (747.5, 991.2)

878.2 (786.7, 969.7)

966.7 (895., 1038.2

0.231

Density of grocery stores per neighbourhood area(km²) within 500 m network buffers

0 grocery store

22.5

33.3

40.4

< 0.001

< 4 grocery stores

27.0

31.6

25.4

≥ 4 grocery stores

50.5

33.3

34.1

Density of fast-food outlets per neighbourhood area (km²) within 500 m network buffers

0 fast-food outlet

46.9

56.9

52.5

0.008

< 5 fast-food outlets

27.5

27.0

33.2

≥ 5 fast-food outlets

25.5

16.1

14.3

Density of restaurants per neighbourhood area (km²) within 500 m network buffers

0 restaurant

54.6

56.3

60.0

0.023

< 3 restaurants

19.9

19.5

11.1

≥ 3 restaurants

25.5

24.1

27.9