Table 3 Percent change in intake of nutrients over the 10 year period for VIP participants^a

Women (n = 8,354)

(n = 318)

(n = 3,937)

(n = 4,068)

(n = 31)

 Energy (from kcal/day)

−12.0 (−14.8, −9,3)

−6.5 (−7.2, −5.7)

−10.8 (−11.5, −10.0)

+1.0 (−10.0, 12.1)

 Protein (from E%)

+18.4 (16.1, 20.7)

+9.6 (9.0, 10.2)

+10.7 (10.1, 11.3)

+5.3 (−1.1, 11.8)

 Carbohydrates (from E%)

−0.7 (−2.3, 0.9)

−7.5 (−8.0, −7.0)

−3.9 (−4.4, −3.5)

−5.9 (−9.8, −2.1)

 Fat (from E%)

−2.2 (−4.5, 0.1)

+11.5 (10.7, 12.3)

+6.6 (5.8, 7.4)

+12.3 (4.8, 19.7)

 Saturated fat (from E%)

+0.4 (−4.7, 3.9)

+16.3 (15.0, 17.6)

+11.5 (10.1, 13.0)

+21.1 (10.2, 32.0)

Men (n = 7,641)

(n = 340)

(n = 3,471)

(n = 3,808)

(n = 22)

 Energy (from kcal/day)

−14.2 (−17.1, −11.2)

−7.4 (−8.3, −6.5)

−2.1 (−3.1, −1.2)

+0.4 (−11.8, 12.5)

 Protein (from E%)

+10.7 (7.8, 13.7)

+7.4 (6.7, 8.0)

+9.3 (8.7, 7.7)

+1.4 (−7.6, 10.4)

 Carbohydrates (from E%)

−3.0 (−4.8, −1.2)

−6.2 (−6.8, −5.7)

−4.1 (−4.6, −3.6)

−4.5 (−12.7, −3.8)

 Fat (from E%)

+3.9 (1.8, 6.1)

+9.3 (8.6, 10.1)

+6.7 (5.9, 7.4)

+9.5 (−1.3, 20.4)

 Saturated fat (from E%)

+3.8 (0.2, 7.4)

+12.9 (11.6, 14.1)

+12.5 (11.3, 13.8)

+19.2 (3.3, 35.2)