Table 1 Population Characteristics of U.S. Adults (≥20 years) in NHANES 2001–2010

Age (years)

45.3

44.7, 45.9

38.7

37.8, 39.6

46.6

45.9, 47.3

41.7

40.9, 42.6

<0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

28.5

28.3, 28.6

28.8

28.5, 29.2

28.2

27.9, 28.4

30.1

29.7, 30.5

<0.0001

WC (cm)

97.7

97.3, 98.2

97.1

96.2, 98.0

97.8

97.2, 98.3

98.3

97.3, 99.3

0.225

25(OH)D (nmol/L)

65.5

64.2, 66.9

53.9

52.4, 55.4

70.2

68.9, 71.5

42.2

40.3, 44.0

<0.0001

Winter ^a

59.4

57.6, 61.3

52.3

50.6, 54.0

65.8

63.9, 67.8

39.8

38.2, 41.3

<0.0001

Summer ^b

69.4

67.9, 70.9

58.4

55.8, 60.9

72.3

70.8, 73.8

44.9

41.8, 48.1

<0.0001

Supplement nonusers

62.5

61.0, 64.0

52.9

51.3, 54.4

67.4

65.9, 69.0

39.9

38.1, 41.7

<0.0001

Supplement users

75.9

74.2, 77.5

60.5

58.2, 62.7

78.5

76.9, 80.2

55.4

50.8, 59.9

<0.0001

Vitamin D Supplement Use (%)

22.5

21.0, 24.1

13

11.0, 15.0

24.8

22.8, 26.7

14.7

12.1, 17.3

<0.0001

HOMAIR

3.06

2.97, 3.16

3.76

3.52, 4.00

2.93

2.81, 3.05

3.4

3.20, 3.59

<0.0001

MetS (%)

36.1

34.6, 37.6

34.8

31.5, 38.1

36.9

35.0, 38.8

31.6

29.0, 34.0

<0.01

Absolute CVD risk (%)

7.92

7.63, 8.20

5.85

5.40, 6.31

8.26

7.93, 8.59

7.19

6.77, 7.61

<0.0001

Self-reported Diabetes (%)

7.4

6.69, 8.10

8.76

7.33, 10.2

6.85

5.97, 7.74

10.1

8.42, 11.8

<0.01

Self reported CVD (%)

6.34

5.61, 7.08

3.66

2.60, 4.71

6.66

5.79, 7.53

6.34

5.10, 7.59

<0.0001

Medication Use (%)

Blood Pressure

22.2

20.8, 23.7

9.88

8.26, 11.5

23.4

21.7, 25.1

24.2

22.1, 26.4

<0.0001

Lipid

13.4

12.2, 14.5

6.06

4.65, 7.47

15

13.6, 16.3

8.31

6.90, 9.71

<0.0001

Diabetes

5.2

4.58, 5.82

6.12

5.00, 7.24

4.8

4.06, 5.55

7.24

5.85, 8.61

<0.01

Current smokers (%)

23.8

22.3, 25.4

19.1

16.7, 21.4

24.2

22.4, 26.1

24.8

22.2, 27.4

<0.01

Education (% College)

58

55.8, 60.2

28.1

25.0, 31.1

62.6

59.7, 65.4

50.5

47.5, 53.4

<0.0001