Table 5 Mean nutrient intake across WG consumption groups in children (6–18 years) based on NHANES (2001–2012)^1,2

Energy (kcal)

2060 ± 16^a

2045 ± 19^a

2292 ± 28^b

<0.0001

Carbohydrate (g)

272 ± 2^a

277 ± 2^a

314 ± 4^b

<0.0001

Total fat (g)

77.6 ± 0.8^a

74.8 ± 0.9^b

82.3 ± 1.3^c

<0.0001

Protein (g)

71.9 ± 0.7^a

71.4 ± 0.8^a

81 ± 1.2^b

<0.0001

Total sugars (g)

137 ± 1^a

140 ± 2^a

150 ± 2^b

<0.0001

Total saturated fatty acids (g)

26.9 ± 0.3^a

26.4 ± 0.4^a

28.4 ± 0.5^b

0.0012

Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (g)

15.5 ± 0.2^a

14.9 ± 0.2^b

17.8 ± 0.3^c

<0.0001

Total monounsaturated fatty acids (g)

28.7 ± 0.3^a

27.3 ± 0.4^b

29.2 ± 0.5^a

0.0008

Dietary fiber (g)

11.9 ± 0.2^a

13.3 ± 0.2^b

18.4 ± 0.3^c

<0.0001

Cholesterol (mg)

244 ± 4^a

220 ± 4^b

230 ± 5^b

0.0014

Sodium (mg)

3231 ± 35^a

3230 ± 45^a

3518 ± 53^b

<0.0001

Potassium (mg)

2148 ± 25^a

2244 ± 27^b

2607 ± 44^c

<0.0001

Calcium (mg)

932 ± 12^a

1051 ± 14^b

1218 ± 21^c

<0.0001

Vitamin C (mg)

74.9 ± 2^a

80.8 ± 2^b

92.6 ± 4^c

<0.0001

Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg)

1.5 ± 0.02^a

1.6 ± 0.02^b

2 ± 0.03^c

<0.0001

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg)

1.9 ± 0.03^a

2.2 ± 0.03^b

2.5 ± 0.04^c

<0.0001

Niacin (mg)

20.8 ± 0.3^a

22 ± 0.3^b

26.5 ± 0.4^c

<0.0001

Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.6 ± 0.03^a

1.7 ± 0.03^b

2.2 ± 0.05^c

<0.0001

Vitamin B12 (mcg)

4.7 ± 0.1^a

5.3 ± 0.1^b

6.1 ± 0.2^c

<0.0001

Iron (mg)

13.2 ± 0.1^a

15.1 ± 0.2^b

19.7 ± 0.3^c

<0.0001

Zinc (mg)

10 ± 0.1^a

11.3 ± 0.1^b

13.7 ± 0.2^c

<0.0001

Magnesium (mg)

216 ± 2^a

233 ± 2^b

306 ± 4^c

<0.0001

Folate, DFE (mcg)

473 ± 7^a

579 ± 9^b

713 ± 17^c

<0.0001

Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg)

6.1 ± 0.1^a

6.2 ± 0.1^a

7.7 ± 0.2^b

<0.0001

Vitamin A, RAE (mcg)

504 ± 10^a

621 ± 10^b

740 ± 18^c

<0.0001

Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (mcg)

4.8 ± 0.1^a

5.9 ± 0.1^b

6.4 ± 0.2^c

<0.0001

Selenium (mcg)

96 ± 1.1^a

95.6 ± 1.2^a

111.1 ± 1.6^b

<0.0001