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Table 3 Weight statusa apple products, apples, apple sauce, and apple juice of children participating in NHANES 2003–2010 (N = 13,339)

From: Consumption of apples is associated with a better diet quality and reduced risk of obesity in children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2010

 

Consumers

Non-Consumers

P-value

LSM ± SEb

LSM ± SE

Total Apple Products

 BMI z-score

0.4 ± 0.04

0.5 ± 0.03

0.009

 Waist Circumference (cm)

68.2 ± 0.3

68.9 ± 0.3

0.066

 % Overweight

14.1 ± 1.0

15.5 ± 0.6

0.233

 % Obese

13.5 ± 0.9

16.9 ± 0.8

0.004

 % Overweight or Obese

27.6 ± 1.5

32.4 ± 1.0

0.007

Whole Apples

 BMI z-score

0.3 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.02

0.008

 Waist Circumference (cm)

68.1 ± 0.4

68.9 ± 0.3

0.105

 % Overweight

14.5 ± 1.6

15.2 ± 0.6

0.695

 % Obese

12.6 ± 1.1

16.6 ± 0.7

0.003

 % Overweight or Obese

27.1 ± 2.0

31.8 ± 1.0

0.040

Apple Sauce

 BMI z-score

0.4 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.02

0.301

 Waist Circumference (cm)

67.7 ± 0.6

68.8 ± 0.2

0.101

 % Overweight

14.2 ± 2.4

15.1 ± 0.6

0.688

 % Obese

11.2 ± 2.0

16.2 ± 0.7

0.018

 % Overweight or Obese

25.4 ± 3.2

31.3 ± 1.0

0.078

Apple Juice

 BMI z-score

0.4 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.02

0.502

 Waist Circumference (cm)

68.5 ± 0.4

68.8 ± 0.2

0.528

 % Overweight

15.6 ± 1.6

15.0 ± 0.6

0.722

 % Obese

13.8 ± 1.2

16.3 ± 0.7

0.074

 % Overweight or Obese

29.4 ± 2.2

31.4 ± 1.0

0.407

  1. aAdjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, poverty income ratio, physical activity level (sedentary, moderate, vigorous)
  2. Bolded values are significantly different p < 0.01; statistical differences were assessed linear regression
  3. bSE: Standard Error; LSM: Least Squares Mean
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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