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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of children 2–18 years (N = 13,339) participating in NHANES 2003–2010 by total apple and apple product consumption

From: Consumption of apples is associated with a better diet quality and reduced risk of obesity in children: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2010

 

Total apple products

Whole apples

Apple sauce

Apple juice

Variable

Consumers (n = 3,482) LSM ± SE

Non-Consumers (n = 9,857) LSM ± SE

P-value

Consumers (n = 1,891) LSM ± SE

Non-Consumers (n = 11,448) LSM ± SE

P - value

Consumers (n = 332) LSM ± SE

Non-Consumers (n = 13,007) LSM ± SE

P-value

Consumers (n = 1,714) LSM ± SE

Non-Consumers (n = 11,625) LSM ± SE

P-value

Gender (%)

            

 Female

49.9 ± 1.4

49.0 ± 0.8

0.584

50.4 ± 1.8

49.0 ± 0.8

0.466

49.5 ± 3.2

49.2 ± 0.8

0.930

49.9 ± 2.1

49.1 ± 0.8

0.732

Ethnicity (%)

            

 NHW

58.3 ± 2.0

61.0 ± 2.0

0.334

57.1 ± 2.3

60.8 ± 2.0

0.220

76.7 ± 3.2

59.7 ± 1.9

<0.001

55.6 ± 2.6

60.9 ± 1.9

0.105

 NHB

13.0 ± 1.1

14.9 ± 1.1

0.227

10.6 ± 1.1

15.0 ± 1.1

0.004

12.4 ± 2.0

14.5 ± 1.0

0.367

15.4 ± 1.4

14.3 ± 1.0

0.508

 MA

15.9 ± 1.3

12.4 ± 1.2

0.039

18.0 ± 1.5

12.5 ± 1.2

0.004

5.2 ± 1.3

13.6 ± 1.2

<0.001

16.1 ± 1.6

12.9 ± 1.1

0.104

Age (Years)

8.3 ± 0.2

10.7 ± 0.1

<0.001

9.1 ± 0.2

10.3 ± 0.1

<0.001

7.2 ± 0.3

10.2 ± 0.1

<0.001

7.2 ± 0.2

10.5 ± 0.1

<0.001

PIR

2.6 ± 0.1

2.5 ± 0.1

0.486

2.6 ± 0.1

2.5 ± 0.1

0.155

2.6 ± 0.2

2.5 ± 0.1

0.504

2.4 ± 0.1

2.5 ± 0.1

0.159

PA (%)

            

 Sedentary

13.0 ± 1.0

12.7 ± 0.6

0.839

12.4 ± 1.3

12.9 ± 0.5

0.722

8.2 ± 1.7

12.9 ± 0.5

0.009

16.0 ± 1.6

12.3 ± 0.5

0.032

 Moderate

20.4 ± 1.1

19.8 ± 0.7

0.676

20.4 ± 0.7

17.6 ± 1.6

0.115

32.7 ± 3.7

19.6 ± 0.7

<0.001

20.8 ± 1.7

19.9 ± 0.7

0.590

 Active

66.7 ± 1.3

67.5 ± 0.9

0.621

66.8 ± 0.8

70.0 ± 2.2

0.164

59.1 ± 3.7

67.5 ± 0.8

0.025

63.2 ± 1.9

67.8 ± 0.8

0.025

Current smoker (%)

2.5 ± 0.4

7.5 ± 0.5

<0.001

6.8 ± 0.4

2.3 ± 0.4

<0.001

1.3 ± 0.7

6.3 ± 0.4

<0.001

2.6 ± 0.7

6.7 ± 0.4

<0.001

Alcohol (g)

0.3 ± 0.1

0.6 ± 0.1

0.012

0.5 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.1

0.075

0.0 ± 0.0

0.5 ± 0.1

<0.001

0.2 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

0.016

  1. Data Source: Children 2 to 18 years of age participating in the NHANES 2003–2010
  2. Bolded values are significantly different p < 0.01; statistical differences were assessed using z-statistics
  3. Abbreviations: LSM = Least Square Means; SE = Standard Error; NHW = Non-Hispanic White; NHB = Non-Hispanic Black; MA = Mexican American; PIR = poverty index ratio; PA = physical activity
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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