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Table 4 Food and nutrient intakes by preschool children consuming two test breakfast meals differing in GL and lunch meals1, 2

From: Influence of two breakfast meals differing in glycemic load on satiety, hunger, and energy intake in preschool children

Macronutrient3

LGL

HGL

P-value4

Breakfast

   

   GL5

2.5 ± 0.9

23.1 ± 8.6

<0.001

   Quantity of food, g

154 ± 54

150 ± 51

NS

   Energy, kcal

104 ± 39

165 ± 55

<0.001

   Energy density, kcal/g

0.7 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.2

0.001

   Carbohydrate, g (%)

6.6 ± 2.2 (25)

32 ± 11 (78)

<0.001

   Protein, g (%)

8.8 ± 3.7 (34)

4.6 ± 1.8 (11)

0.001

   Fat, g (%)

4.6 ± 2.0 (40)

3.0 ± 1.4 (16)

0.003

   Fiber, g (g/1000 kcal)

0.6 ± 0.4 (5.8)

1.7 ± 0.8 (10.3)

<0.001

Lunch

   

   Quantity of food, g

349 ± 113

359 ± 106

NS

   Energy, kcal

404 ± 171

395 ± 123

NS

   Energy density, kcal/g

1.1 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.2

NS

  1. 1Abbreviations: Abbreviations: GL, glycemic load; HGL, high-glycemic load; LGL, low-glycemic load; NS, non-significant (P > 0.05)
  2. 2Values are mean ± standard deviation and percentages in parentheses
  3. 3According to the USDA nutrient database
  4. 4Comparison between LGL and HGL test breakfasts. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. t-test was used only for GL because of normality if the data.
  5. 5GL, calculated as [GI × carbohydrate (g)]/100