A | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Trained Men Ambrotose AO® Pre | Trained Men Ambrotose AO® Post | Trained Men Placebo Pre | Trained Men Placebo Post | Untrained Men Ambrotose AO® Pre | Untrained Men Ambrotose AO® Post | Untrained Men Placebo Pre | Untrained Men Placebo Post |
Glucose (mg·dL-1)** | 84.3 ± 3.8 | 87.0 ± 4.6 | 87.4 ± 3.6 | 83.9 ± 2.3 | 90.4 ± 3.4 | 95.8 ± 5.4 | 99.6 ± 9.0 | 96.2 ± 9.1 |
BUN (mg·dL-1)†* | 16.9 ± 1.9 | 16.7 ± 1.0 | 16.7 ± 1.6 | 17.9 ± 1.8 | 15.0 ± 2.3 | 15.8 ± 2.5 | 14.6 ± 1.0 | 13.4 ± 1.2 |
Creatinine (mg·dL-1)†* | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
BUN/Creatinine | 15.6 ± 2.0 | 15.4 ± 1.4 | 14.6 ± 1.3 | 16.0 ± 1.7 | 15.4 ± 3.2 | 16.2 ± 3.7 | 13.6 ± 1.9 | 12.2 ± 1.4 |
Sodium (mmol·L-1) | 138.4 ± 0.3 | 139.9 ± 0.6 | 139.3 ± 0.6 | 138.3 ± 0.8 | 137.2 ± 0.4 | 137.4 ± 0.6 | 138.8 ± 1.1 | 137.6 ± 1.3 |
Potassium (mmol·L-1) | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 |
Chloride (mmol·L-1)* | 102.0 ± 0.4 | 103.1 ± 0.3 | 101.7 ± 0.9 | 101.9 ± 0.5 | 101.6 ± 0.9 | 101.6 ± 0.8 | 102.6 ± 1.4 | 102.2 ± 1.3 |
CO2 (mmol·L-1)* | 26.7 ± 0.7 | 26.9 ± 0.6 | 26.7 ± 0.5 | 26.4 ± 0.7 | 26.0 ± 0.7 | 24.8 ± 0.7 | 26.2 ± 0.7 | 25.4 ± 0.5 |
Calcium (mg·dL-1)* | 9.2 ± 0.2 | 9.3 ± 0.1 | 9.4 ± 0.1 | 9.4 ± 0.1 | 9.4 ± 0.1 | 9.2 ± 0.1 | 9.2 ± 0.1 | 9.3 ± 0.1 |
Protein (g·dL-1)†* | 6.7 ± 0.1 | 6.6 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 6.9 ± 0.2 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 6.7 ± 0.2 |
Albumin (g·dL-1) | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.0 | 4.1 ± 0.1 |
Globulin (g·dL-1)†* | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1 |
A/G Ratio†* | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 |
Bilirubin (mg·dL-1)** | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 |
Alk Phos (IU·L-1)* | 71.7 ± 6.7 | 71.6 ± 6.7 | 75.3 ± 6.7 | 73.4 ± 6.2 | 68.2 ± 9.6 | 68.0 ± 9.0 | 69.0 ± 8.9 | 65.6 ± 10.3 |
AST (SGOT) (IU·L-1)** | 25.6 ± 1.8 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 27.1 ± 2.9 | 25.0 ± 1.6 | 25.2 ± 2.9 | 30.8 ± 3.5 | 30.6 ± 3.6 | 30.6 ± 4.3 |
ALT (SGPT) (IU·L-1)** | 23.7 ± 2.1 | 26.0 ± 3.0 | 26.4 ± 3.2 | 27.1 ± 4.4 | 25.6 ± 7.0 | 33.2 ± 11.8 | 39.4 ± 11.9 | 33.0 ± 7.7 |
B | ||||||||
Variable | Trained Women Ambrotose AO ® Pre | Trained Women Ambrotose AO ® Post | Trained Women Placebo Pre | Trained Women Placebo Post | Untrained Women Ambrotose AO ® Pre | Untrained Women Ambrotose AO ® Post | Untrained Women Placebo Pre | Untrained Women Placebo Post |
Glucose (mg·dL-1)** | 86.1 ± 3.3 | 86.7 ± 1.9 | 88.1 ± 2.5 | 97.1 ± 10.3 | 84.6 ± 1.9 | 84.8 ± 2.5 | 86.0 ± 1.6 | 82.8 ± 2.7 |
BUN (mg·dL-1)†* | 14.9 ± 1.9 | 15.7 ± 1.9 | 15.6 ± 2.2 | 17.1 ± 2.2 | 11.0 ± 1.3 | 11.2 ± 1.4 | 12.5 ± 1.9 | 12.5 ± 2.1 |
Creatinine (mg·dL-1)†* | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.0 |
BUN/Creatinine | 15.4 ± 2.1 | 16.6 ± 2.2 | 16.7 ± 2.7 | 19.1 ± 2.9 | 13.7 ± 1.6 | 14.5 ± 2.3 | 15.2 ± 2.5 | 15.3 ± 2.9 |
Sodium (mmol·L-1) | 138.9 ± 0.7 | 138.4 ± 0.8 | 139.0 ± 0.9 | 138.0 ± 0.6 | 139.3 ± 0.8 | 138.3 ± 0.9 | 139.0 ± 0.9 | 138.3 ± 0.6 |
Potassium (mmol·L-1) | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.2 |
Chloride (mmol·L-1)* | 103.1 ± 0.5 | 103.4 ± 0.8 | 103.6 ± 0.8 | 103.4 ± 1.0 | 102.6 ± 1.2 | 103.0 ± 0.9 | 103.7 ± 0.6 | 103.0 ± 0.5 |
CO2 (mmol·L-1)* | 23.7 ± 0.8 | 24.4 ± 1.2 | 25.1 ± 1.0 | 24.4 ± 0.5 | 24.1 ± 1.1 | 24.0 ± 0.4 | 24.0 ± 0.3 | 24.0 ± 0.4 |
Calcium (mg·dL-1)* | 9.6 ± 0.2 | 9.5 ± 0.2 | 9.5 ± 0.1 | 9.6 ± 0.1 | 9.4 ± 0.1 | 9.3 ± 0.1 | 9.4 ± 0.1 | 9.5 ± 0.1 |
Protein (g·dL-1)†* | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 6.7 ± 0.2 | 6.9 ± 0.1 | 6.7 ± 0.2 | 7.1 ± 0.2 | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 7.4 ± 0.2 |
Albumin (g·dL-1) | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.1 |
Globulin (g·dL-1)†* | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 0.2 |
A/G Ratio†* | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.0 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 |
Bilirubin (mg·dL-1)** | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 |
Alk Phos (IU·L-1)* | 55.4 ± 6.5 | 51.9 ± 5.1 | 56.0 ± 4.5 | 49.6 ± 4.6 | 53.1 ± 6.9 | 53.7 ± 5.2 | 56.2 ± 6.8 | 58.3 ± 7.8 |
AST (SGOT) (IU·L-1)** | 25.4 ± 2.8 | 29.3 ± 5.8 | 20.3 ± 2.1 | 23.3 ± 1.1 | 19.6 ± 2.5 | 18.8 ± 1.6 | 21.3 ± 1.7 | 23.2 ± 3.2 |
ALT (SGPT) (IU·L-1)** | 22.1 ± 3.1 | 24.3 ± 4.7 | 19.9 ± 2.4 | 19.1 ± 1.5 | 16.3 ± 3.6 | 13.7 ± 2.2 | 14.0 ± 1.2 | 18.8 ± 3.8 |