Dietary intakes and food sources of fat and fatty acids in Guatemalan schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study

Nutrition Journal

Table 3 Proportion of schoolchildren with inadequate intakes of fats¹, by gender and SES

Nutrient	High-SES	Low-SES	OR⁴	95% CI⁴
	%	%		Lower	Upper
Total (n = 449)	n = 230	n = 219
Total fat >30 %E	49.1	43.8	0.82	0.56	1.19
SFA ≥10 %E	53.5	40.2**	0.59	0.40	0.86
PUFA >10 %E	3.5	7.8	2.30	0.97	5.45
PUFA <6 %E	53.9	45.7	0.70	0.48	1.02
Total n-6 <5%E	45.0	35.6*	0.65	0.44	0.96
Total n-6 >8 %E	7.4	16.4**	2.48	1.34	4.56
Total n-3 <1 %E	97.8	97.2	0.81	0.24	2.71
Ratio n-6:n-3 >8²	72.6	90.9***	3.90	2.26	6.76
Cholesterol ≥300 mg³	55.2	50.2	0.83	0.57	1.21
Boys (n = 217)	n = 111	n = 106	--	--	--
Total fat >30 %E	57.7	40.6*	0.5	0.29	0.87
SFA ≥10 %E	57.7	34.0***	0.37	0.12	0.65
PUFA >10 %E	3.6	10.4	3.06	0.94	9.98
PUFA <6 %E	53.2	41.5	0.61	0.36	1.05
Total n-6 <5%E	43.2	33.0	0.63	0.36	1.10
Total n-6 >8 %E	9.9	18.9	2.12	0.96	4.67
Total n-3 <1 %E	97.3	97.1	1.01	0.2	5.22
Ratio n-6:n-3 >8²	75.7	93.4***	4.79	1.97	11.68
Cholesterol ≥300 mg³	63.1	55.7	0.74	0.42	1.3
Girls (n = 232)	n = 119	n = 113	--	--	--
Total fat >30 %E	41.2	46.9	1.29	0.76	2.18
SFA ≥10 %E	49.6	46	0.88	0.52	1.48
PUFA >10 %E	3.4	5.3	1.58	0.43	5.78
PUFA <6 %E	54.6	49.6	0.80	0.48	1.35
Total n-6 <5%E	46.6	38.1	0.68	0.40	1.15
Total n-6 >8 %E	5	14.2*	3.13	1.18	8.33
Total n-3 <1 %E	98.3	97.3	0.63	0.1	3.84
Ratio n-6:n-3 >8²	69.7	88.5***	3.44	1.7	6.95
Cholesterol ≥300 mg³	47.9	45.1	0.91	0.54	1.54

¹Based on WHO's dietary goals [19] as proportion of total energy intake. Risk for excessive intakes of TF, SFA, PUFA and n-6 were set at >30%, ≥10%, >10% and >8%, respectively. Low intakes of PUFA, n-6 and n-3 were set at below 6%, 5% and 1 %E, respectively.
²Ratio n-6:n-3 >8 was defined as inadequate
³For cholesterol, intakes equal or above 300 mg/day were considered as risk for excessive intakes.
⁴Differences, between SES groups, in prevalence of the risk for inadequate intakes of the fat and fatty acids listed in the table, were tested, for the total sample and within each gender group, with logistic regression models, with adjustment for energy intake in the case of cholesterol. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

ISSN: 1475-2891