Participants | Kcal | Protein | Carbohydrate | Fat | Vitamin C | Vitamin E | Vitamin A | Iron |
---|
Smokers | 1850 ± 666 | 65 ± 20 (18 ± 8) | 242 ± 85 (51 ± 8) | 66 ± 28 (31 ± 4) | 37 ± 20 | 4 ± 2 | 667 ± 387 | 14 ± 5 |
Nonsmokers | 1643 ± 302 | 61 ± 19 (15 ± 4) | 214 ± 55 (52 ± 10) | 60 ± 20 (33 ± 8) | 54 ± 47 | 5 ± 3 | 499 ± 548 | 12 ± 7 |
- Note: Data are mean ± SD. Gram quantities for each macronutrient are provided with corresponding percentages in parentheses. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and iron values are provided in mg; vitamin A values are provided in retinol equivalents. No statistical differences were noted between groups for any measured variable shown above or for any of the B vitamins, vitamin D, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, or zinc (p > 0.05).