Table 2 Effects of probiotic administration on diabetes mellitus – clinical studies

[8]

Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum

Double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized study, T2D females aged 50–65 years

Placebo group: n = 10; Probiotic group: n = 10

2 daily doses of 100 mL symbiotic shake containing 4 × 10⁸ CFU/100 mL Lactobacillus acidophillus, 4 × 10⁸ CFU/100 mL Bifidobacterium bifidum

45 days

↓ Glycemia

[9]

Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12

Double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial, T2D patients aged 30–60 years

Placebo group: n = 32; Probiotic group: n = 32

300 g/day of probiotic and conventional yogurt day 1: 7,23 × 10⁶ of L. acidophilus La5 and 6.04 × 10⁶ cfu/g of B. lactis Bb12

6 weeks

↓ Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c

↑ Erythrocyte SOD and GPx

↑ Total antioxidant capacity

[10]

L. acidophilus NCFM

Double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized study, T2D males

Placebo group: n = 24; Probiotic group: n = 24

-

4 weeks

Preserved insulin sensitivity

No effect on systemic inflammatory response

[117]

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53 103) and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12

Prospective, randomized study, mother–baby pairs

Dietetic Intervention + probiotics: n = 85; Dietetic Intervention + placebo: n = 86; Control + placebo: n = 85

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: 10¹⁰ CFU/day; Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12: 10¹⁰ CFU/day

33 months

↓ Risk of GDM

[118]

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, ATCC 53 103 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12

Randomized, prospective, parallel-group, combined dietary counselling, pregnant women

Diet + probiotics: n = 85; Diet + placebo: n = 86; Control + placebo: n = 85

Lactobacillus rhamnosus: 10¹⁰ CFU/day; Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12: 10¹⁰ CFU/day

18 months

↓ Blood glucose

↓ Insulin

↓ Insulin sensitivity

[119]

L. plantarum WCFS1

Double-blinded, randomized crossover study, healthy subjects

n = 14

10¹² CFU

6 hours

↓ Degradation of transepithelial electrical resistance

↑ ZO-1 in tight junctions