Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants as a whole and according to categories of total soy consumption level
Total (n = 327) count (%) | Level of soy consumption (frequency of intake) | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤1×/week (n = 62) count (%) | >1×/week - ≤1×/day (n = 85) count (%) | >1×/day - ≤3×/day (n = 111) count (%) | >3×/day (n = 69) count (%) | |||
Age, years | 0.574b | |||||
12 | 26 (8.0%) | 6 (9.7%) | 7 (8.2%) | 9 (8.1%) | 4 (5.8%) | |
13 | 51 (15.6%) | 8 (12.9%) | 13 (15.3%) | 19 (17.1%) | 11 (15.9%) | |
14 | 56 (17.1%) | 9 (14.5%) | 17 (20.0%) | 19 (17.1%) | 11 (15.9%) | |
15 | 61 (18.7%) | 7 (11.3%) | 18 (21.2%) | 19 (17.1%) | 17 (24.6%) | |
16 | 59 (18.0%) | 14 (22.6%) | 8 (9.4%) | 21 (18.9%) | 16 (23.2%) | |
17 | 50 (15.3%) | 14 (22.6%) | 15 (17.6%) | 14 (12.6%) | 7 (10.1%) | |
18 | 24 (7.3%) | 4 (6.5%) | 7 (8.2%) | 10 (9.0%) | 3 (4.3%) | |
Mean age (SD), years | 15.0 (1.5) | 15.2 (1.8) | 14.9 (1.8) | 14.9 (1.8)1 | 14.9 (1.5) | 0.771c |
Site | 0.006b | |||||
Michigan | 152 (46.5%) | 41 (66.1%) | 36 (42.4%) | 49 (44.1%) | 26 (37.7%) | |
California | 175 (53.5%) | 21 (33.9%) | 49 (57.6%) | 62 (55.9%) | 43 (62.3%) | |
School | <.0001b | |||||
Public | 38 (11.6%) | 23 (37.1%) | 8 (9.4%) | 4 (3.6%) | 3 (4.3%) | |
Private | 289 (88.4%) | 39 (62.9%) | 77 (90.6%) | 107 (96.4%) | 66 (95.7%) | |
Mother’s education | 0.0008b | |||||
High school level/graduate | 63 (19.3%) | 24 (38.7%) | 13 (15.3%) | 13 (11.7%) | 13 (18.8%) | |
College level/degree | 133 (40.7%) | 26 (41.9%) | 41 (48.2%) | 50 (45.0%) | 30 (43.5%) | |
Masters/Doctoral level/degree | 131 (40.1%) | 12 (19.4%) | 31 (36.5%) | 48 (43.2%) | 26 (37.7%) | |
Father’s education | 0.0001b | |||||
High school level/graduate | 68 (20.8%) | 24 (38.7%) | 21 (24.7%) | 13 (11.7%) | 10 (14.5%) | |
College level/degree | 113 (34.6%) | 28 (45.2%) | 35 (41.2%) | 43 (38.7%) | 21 (30.4%) | |
Masters/Doctoral level/degree | 146 (44.6%) | 10 (16.1%) | 29 (34.1%) | 55 (49.5%) | 38 (55.1%) | |
Mother’s ethnicity | 0.0004b | |||||
White | 142 (43.4%) | 35 (56.5%) | 34 (40.0%) | 52 (46.8%) | 21 (30.4%) | |
Black | 34 (10.4%) | 3 (4.8%) | 10 (11.8%) | 13 (11.7%) | 8 (11.6%) | |
Hispanic | 65 (19.9%) | 15 (24.2%) | 15 (17.6%) | 16 (14.4%) | 19 (27.5%) | |
Asian | 50 (15.3%) | 3 (4.8%) | 8 (9.4%) | 22 (19.8%) | 17 (24.6%) | |
Other | 36 (11.0%) | 6 (9.7%) | 18 (21.2%) | 8 (7.2%) | 4 (5.8%) | |
Father’s ethnicity | 0.004b | |||||
White | 144 (44.0%) | 36 (58.1%) | 31 (36.5%) | 53 (47.7%) | 24 (34.8%) | |
Black | 41 (12.5%) | 4 (6.5%) | 14 (16.5%) | 15 (13.5%) | 8 (11.6%) | |
Hispanic | 60 (18.3%) | 12 (19.4%) | 15 (17.6%) | 16 (14.4%) | 17 (24.6%) | |
Asian | 46 (14.1%) | 2 (3.2%) | 9 (10.6%) | 20 (18.0%) | 15 (21.7%) | |
Other | 36 (11.0%) | 8 (12.9%) | 16 (18.8%) | 7 (6.3%) | 5 (7.2%) | |
Meat intake, frequency/week | <.0001b | |||||
Never | 79 (24.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (9.4%) | 40 (36.0%) | 31 (44.9%) | |
≤1x/day | 111 (33.9%) | 17 (27.4%) | 38 (44.7%) | 39 (35.1%) | 17 (24.6%) | |
>1x/day | 137 (41.9%) | 45 (72.6%) | 39 (45.9%) | 32 (28.8%) | 21 (30.4%) | |
Median meat intake (IQR), svg/d | 5.5 (12.5) | 13.3 (12.5) | 7.0 (8.0) | 2.0 (8.0) | 1.5 (10.0) | <.0001d |
Median BMI (IQR), kg/m 2 | 21.9 (4.2) | 22.3 (3.7) | 22.7 (4.7) | 21.3 (4.1) | 21.5 (3.8) | 0.088d |
Mean BMI z-score (SD) | 0.43 (1.02) | 0.57 (0.92) | 0.62 (1.14) | 0.28 (0.98) | 0.34 (1.01) | 0.084c |
Age at onset of menarche (AOM) | 0.498b | |||||
≤9 | 13 (4.0%) | 3 (4.8%) | 4 (4.7%) | 4 (3.6%) | 2 (2.9%) | |
10 | 27 (8.3%) | 6 (9.7%) | 10 (11.8%) | 7 (6.3%) | 4 (5.8%) | |
11 | 39 (11.9%) | 2 (3.2%) | 12 (14.1%) | 13 (11.7% ) | 12 (17.4%) | |
12 | 122 (37.3%) | 30 (48.4%) | 26 (30.6%) | 43 (38.7%) | 23 (33.3%) | |
13 | 48 (14.7%) | 7 (11.3%) | 11 (12.9%) | 19 (17.1%) | 11 (15.9%) | |
14 | 33 (10.1%) | 5 (8.1%) | 8 (9.4%) | 10 (9.0%) | 10 (14.5%) | |
≥15 | 11 (3.4%) | 2 (3.2%) | 4 (4.7%) | 4 (3.6%) | 1 (1.4%) | |
Not yet | 34 (10.4%) | 7 (11.3%) | 10 (11.8%) | 11 (9.9%) | 6 (8.7%) | |
Mean AOM (SD) a | 12.5 (1.4) | 12.5 (1.4) | 12.4 (1.6) | 12.6 (1.3) | 12.6 (1.3) | 0.835 |