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Table 1 Sodium intake by participants’ characteristics 1

From: Challenges in sodium intake reduction and meal consumption patterns among participants with metabolic syndrome in a dietary trial

Variable

Baseline

One year

Pfor time-points2

n

Mean (S.E.) (mg/day)

n

Mean (S.E.) (mg/day)

Sodium intake (mg/day)

240

2994 (72)

184

2558 (77)

<0.001

Sodium density (mg/kcal)

240

1.613 (0.025)

184

1.660 (0.034)

0.249

Sodium/potassium ratio

240

1.211 (0.027)

184

1.047 (0.031)

<0.001

Treatment arms

     

 AHA diet

119

3063 (99)

92

2415 (110)

<0.001

 High fiber diet

121

2927 (98)

92

2694 (110)

 p value 3

 

0.330

 

0.074

 

Gender

     

 Female

173

2742 (77)

135

2380 (88)

<0.001

 Male

67

3645 (125)

49

3051 (146)

 p value 3

 

<0.001

 

<0.001

 

Age group

     

 <51 y

93

3211 (112)

59

2546 (140)

<0.001

 ≥51 y

147

2857 (89)

125

2564 (96)

 p value 3

 

0.014

 

0.916

 

Race/ethnicity

     

 Caucasian

213

3034 (74)

165

2545 (84)

0.145

 Others

27

2683 (208)

19

2670 (248)

 p value 3

 

0.115

 

0.634

 

Education

     

 High school diploma or less

33

2989 (189)

25

2843 (217)

0.005

 Bachelor’s degree or less

146

3054 (90)

108

2561 (104)

 Graduate/professional

59

2833 (141)

49

2398 (155)

 p value 3

 

0.509

 

0.095

 

Household income

     

 $0-$30000

24

3104 (220)

15

2617 (270)

<0.001

 $30000-$50000

43

3167 (165)

36

2567 (180)

 $50000-$75000

40

2851 (171)

33

2345 (188)

 More than $75000

79

3167 (122)

60

2612 (139)

 Unclear

54

2662 (147)

40

2625 (171)

 p value 3

 

0.096

 

0.419

Currently working

     

 Full-time or part-time

188

3101(78)

145

2550 (89)

0.027

 Others

52

2607 (149)

39

2590 (172)

 p value 3

 

0.004

 

0.837

 

Marital status

     

 Married

162

2979 (85)

121

2590 (99)

<0.001

 Not Married

78

3026 (123)

63

2498 (137)

 p value 3

 

0.753

 

0.584

 

Components of metabolic syndrome

    

 3

71

2820 (126)

52

2573 (166)

<0.001

 4

96

3171 (108)

76

2639 (126)

 

 5

72

2902 (125)

44

2446 (166)

 

 p value 3

 

0.096

 

0.796

 

Dietary attitudes to low sodium

     

 Agree limiting sodium is important

195

2914 (76)

169

2531 (82)

0.008

 Not sure/disagree sodium is important

44

3322 (155)

15

2928 (258)

 

 P value 3

 

0.017

 

0.141

 
  1. 1Sodium intakes per meal described with mean ± standard error and were estimated by LSMEANS of PROC MIXED model in SAS.
  2. 2 P values for time-points were compared at baseline and 1-year and determined from mixed models fitting item, time-points and interaction between them. However, none of the interaction terms were significant in the models.
  3. 3 P values compared the differences between groups at the same time-point and were determined from LSMEANS of PROC MIXED model in SAS.
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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