From: Food consumption patterns and associated factors among Vietnamese women of reproductive age
 | Energy intake below EERa | Excessive carbohydrate intakeb | Insufficient fat intakec | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
Participant characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age | NAd | Â | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.96, 0.99) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity (minority vs other) | 0.91 (0.80, 1.04) | 0.18 | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | 0.95 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 0.33 |
Occupation (farmer vs other) | NA | Â | 1.69 (1.36, 2.09) | <0.001 | 1.53 (1.24, 1.89) | <0.001 |
Education (Highest grade completed; ref = 0-5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
6-9 | 0.84 (0.66, 1.06) | 0.14 | 0.63 (0.49, 0.80) | <0.001 | 0.64 (0.50, 0.82) | <0.001 |
10-12 | 0.97 (0.75, 1.25) | 0.82 | 0.52 (0.40, 0.69) | <0.001 | 0.55 (0.42, 0.72) | <0.001 |
College or higher | 0.95 (0.69, 1.30) | 0.75 | 0.58 (0.41, 0.82) | 0.002 | 0.58 (0.41, 0.81) | 0.001 |
Household characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Food Insecurity status (ref = moderate/severe) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mild | 0.89 (0.72, 1.11) | 0.30 | 0.69 (0.56, 0.87) | 0.001 | 0.74 (0.60, 0.93) | 0.008 |
Secure | 0.66 (0.56, 0.78) | <0.001 | 0.64 (0.54, 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.61, 0.86) | <0.001 |
Socioeconomic status quintile (ref = poorest quintile) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Poorer | 0.76 (0.62, 0.93) | 0.007 | 0.95 (0.78, 1.15) | 0.57 | 0.89 (0.73, 1.09) | 0.25 |
Average | 0.85 (0.69, 1.05) | 0.12 | 0.78 (0.63, 0.96) | 0.02 | 0.78 (0.63, 0.96) | 0.02 |
Richer | 0.63 (0.50, 0.79) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.47, 0.73) | <0.001 | 0.62 (0.50, 0.77) | <0.001 |
Richest | 0.50 (0.39, 0.65) | <0.001 | 0.46 (0.36, 0.58) | <0.001 | 0.49 (0.39, 0.63) | <0.001 |