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Table 4 Results of the physiological test parameters before and after five weeks interventions with 3g/d omega-3 PUFA from fish oil and placebo, respectively

From: Effects of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive performance and cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy 51 to 72 years old subjects: a randomized controlled cross-over study

Physiological parameters

Omega-3

Placebo

 
 

Before

After

Δ-Omega-31

Before

After

Δ- Placebo2

Δ3

Weigh (kg)

72.1±2.0

72.3±2.0

0.2±0.1

72.3±2.0

72.2±2.0

−0.1±0.1

ns

Systolic BP (mmhg)4

134±3

127±3

−7±2***

132±3

131±3

−1±2

P≤0.05

Diastolic BP (mmhg)5

79.2±1.4

76.9±1.4

−2.24±1.0*

78.8±1.2

77.3±1.4

−1.46±0.8

ns

f-Glucose (mmol/L, n=37)

5.4±0.1

5.5±0.1

0.1±0.1

5.5±0.1

5.4±0.1

−0.1±0.1

ns

ΔGlucose peak (mmol/L)

4.2±0.2

4.0±0.2

−0.2±0.2

4.3±0.2

4.2±0.2

−0.1±0.2

ns

Glucose 90 min IAUC (mmol*min/L)

217±13

213±11

−4±1

225±10

226±11

1±10

ns

Insulin (pmol/L)6

35±3

40±3

5±2*

37±3

43±04

6±3†

ns

FFA (mmol/L)7

0.28±0.02

0.26±0.02

−0.03±0.02

0.28±0.02

0.31±0.02

0.03±0.02

P=0.055

Triglycerides (mmol/L)8

1.63±0.10

1.45±0.09

−0.19±0.07*

1.58±0.10

1.66±0.11

0.08±0.07

P≤0.05

TNF-α (ng/L)

9.8±1.0

9.3±0.9

−0.48±0.44

8.9±0.8

8.5±0.8

−0.43±0.30

ns

Adiponectin (mg/L)

12±1

12±1

0±0

12±1

12±1

0±0

ns

Malondialdehyd (μmol/L)

2.0±0.1

2.0±0.1

0.1±0.1

1.9±0.1

2.0±0.1

0.1±0.1

ns

  1. 1 Changes (Δ) in test variables after 5 weeks PUFA supplementation compared with baseline (prior to start of PUFA). 2 Changes (Δ) in test variables after 5 weeks placebo supplementation compared with baseline (prior to start of placebo).
  2. *: p < 0.05, ***: p < 0.001 (ANOVA) with respect to differences from baseline after 5 weeks intervention with PUFA.
  3. †: p < 0.05 (ANOVA) with respect to differences from baseline after 5 weeks intake of the placebo.
  4. 3 P-values for differences between effects of PUFA (Δ-PUFA) and effects of placebo (Δ- placebo).
  5. 4 The systolic blood pressure was significantly more suppressed after 5 weeks supplementation with omega-3 PUFA compared with after 5 weeks with placebo [F(1,36) = 4.56, p = 0.04, d = 0.46]. The systolic BP was significantly lower after, compared to prior to the omega-3 period [F(1,36) = 14.70, p = 0.0005, d = 0.33]. n=37 in the BP analysis due to one participant failed to rest prior to one measurement.
  6. 5 The diastolic BP was significantly lower after, compared to prior to the omega-3 period [F(1,36) = 5.27, p = 0.028, d = 0.26]. There was a tendency toward lower diastolic BP after, compared with prior to the placebo period [F(1,36) = 3.31, p = 0.08, d = 0.19].
  7. 6 The s-insulin concentrations were significantly higher after, compared to prior to the omega-3 period [F(1,37) = 6,14, p = 0.018, d = 0.28] and placebo period [F(1,37) = 4.11, p = 0.050, d = 0.30], respectively.
  8. 7 There was a tendency towards concentrations of FFA to be more suppressed compared with after the placebo [F(1,37) = 3.94, p = 0.055, d = ], however, the concentrations of FFA after 5 weeks supplementation with omega-3 PUFA did not differ compared to prior omega-3 PUFA.
  9. 8The concentrations of s-triglycerides were significantly lower after, compared to prior to the omega-3 period [F(1,37) = 6.87, p = 0.013, d = 0.32], and significantly more suppressed after 5 weeks supplementation with omega-3 PUFA compared with after the placebo [F(1,37) = 4.05, p = 0.05, d = 0.59 ].
  10. Abbreviations: ns: no significant differences between Δ-PUFA and Δ- placebo (ANOVA), f: fasting. P: plasma. S: serum. IAUC: incremental area under the curve. BP: blood pressure.
  11. Values are mean±SEM. Statistical evaluations are performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA general linear model). N = 38, except for evaluation of BP, (n = 37).
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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