Table 2 Socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric characteristics, according to dietary patterns

mean (SD)

Age, years

58 (15)^a,b,d

51 (15)^a

52 (14)^bc

48 (14)^c,d

p < 0.001

55 (19)^a

55 (13)^b

48 (14)^a,b,c

54 (17)^c

p < 0.001

Education, years*

6 (8)

9 (11)

4 (7)

9 (11)

p < 0.001

9 (11)

9 (9)

9 (8)

9 (8)

p = 0.426

Body mass index, kg/m²

27.1 (4.5)

27.4 (5.4)

27.8 (5.8)^a

26.6 (5.0)^a

p = 0.018

25.7 (3.9)^a,b

26.6 (3.5)^a

26.8 (4.1)^b

25.7 (4.3)

p = 0.006

Waist circumference, cm

86.6 (11.9)^b

87.2 (14.5)

88.0 (13.7)^a

84.2 (12.5)^a,b

p < 0.001

91.0 (10.9)^a

93.8 (10.1)^a

93.6 (10.6)

91.7 (11.7)

p = 0.015

Waist/Hip

0.85 (0.08)^b

0.85 (0.08)

0.86 (0.08)^a

0.83 (0.08)^a,b

p < 0.001

0.91 (0.07)^a,b

0.94 (0.09)^a

0.94 (0.06)^b

0.93 (0.08)

p = 0.001

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

139 (26)^c

138 (26)^a

136 (26)^b

130 (24)^a,b,c

p < 0.001

135 (21)

136 (20)

135 (22)

138 (21)

p = 0.555

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

83 (11)

85 (13)^a

83 (13)

81 (12)^a

p = 0.002

82 (11)

83 (11)

84 (11)

83 (10)

p = 0.219

Total cholesterol, g/L

2.21 (0.50)

2.21 (0.48)

2.21 (0.49)

2.15 (0.42)

p = 0.114

2.00 (0.47)^a,b

2.20 (0.46)^a

2.22 (0.47)^b

2.13 (0.44)

p < 0.001

HDL cholesterol, g/L

0.61 (0.13)

0.60 (0.18)

0.59 (0.14)

0.60 (0.15)

p = 0.372

0.50 (0.14)

0.50 (0.13)

0.51 (0.13)

0.49 (0.13)

p = 0.683

LDL cholesterol, g/L

1.38 (0.44)

1.39 (0.42)

1.38 (0.47)

1.34 (0.39)

p = 0.248

1.28 (0.42)^a,b

1.42 (0.41)^a

1.43 (0.41)^b

1.37 (0.40)

p = 0.001

Fasting glucose, g/L*

0.89 (0.14)

0.89 (0.16)

0.89 (0.17)

0.87 (0.14)

p = 0.106

0.91 (0.17)

0.93 (0.15)

0.92 (0.17)

0.93 (0.14)

p = 0.335

Triglycerides, g/L*

0.97 (0.67)

0.91 (0.65)

0.98 (0.67)

0.87 (0.58)

p = 0.009

0.98 (0.70)

1.16 (0.88)

1.19 (0.97)

1.03 (0.99)

p < 0.001

Physical activity, mets*minute/day*

34.4 (5.0)

34.2 (6.6)

34.5 (6.7)

35.0 (5.6)

p = 0.010

34.3 (5.6)

34.3 (5.7)

34.1 (10.1)

33.5 (5.9)

p = 0.031

BDI*

8.0 (10.0)

10.0 (14.0)

8.0 (10.0)

7.0 (9.0)

p = 0.011

5.5 (6.0)

5.0 (7.0)

5.0 (7.0)

7.0 (9.0)

p = 0.108

n (%)

Current smoking

29 (9.1)

35 (29.4)

40 (15.3)

125 (19.8)

p < 0.001

42 (23.0)

106 (29.7)

85 (46.2)

51 (45.1)

p = 0.001

Current drinking

115 (36.3)

57 (47.9)

125 (47.7)

301 (47.6)

p = 0.005

88 (48.1)

352 (98.6)

178 (96.7)

60 (53.1)

p = 0.335

Regular physical activity

135 (42.6)

37 (31.1)

58 (22.1)

194 (30.7)

p < 0.001

99 (54.1)

148 (41.5)

57 (31.0)

47 (41.6)

p < 0.001

Marital status

   Married

189 (59.6)

59 (49.6)

181 (69.1)

391 (61.9)

p < 0.001

141 (77.0)

314 (88.0)

146 (79.3)

81 (71.7)

p < 0.001

   Single

38 (12.0)

28 (23.5)

34 (13.0)

116 (18.4)

29 (15.8)

18 (5.0)

25 (13.6)

17 (15.0)

   Widower

71 (22.4)

20 (16.8)

35 (13.4)

61 (9.7)

7 (3.8)

10 (2.8)

7 (3.8)

5 (4.4)

   Divorced

19 (6.0)

12 (10.1)

12 (4.6)

64 (10.1)

6 (3.3)

15 (4.2)

6 (3.3)

10 (8.8)

Menopausal

223 (70.6)

72 (61.5)

145 (55.3)

283 (44.8)

p < 0.001

-

-

-