Table 4 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for rhinoconjunctivitis by quartiles of intake of specific fats in 1745 pregnant women, Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study, Japan

Total fat

   Intake, g/day*

47.2

54.7

60.4

69.7

   Prevalence, %^†

23.9

25.2

25.7

28.8

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

1.08 (0.79-1.47)

1.10 (0.81-1.50)

1.29 (0.96-1.75)

0.10

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

1.09 (0.79-1.49)

1.11 (0.81-1.53)

1.31 (0.96-1.79)

0.09

Saturated fatty acids

   Intake, g/day*

12.6

15.5

17.6

21.2

   Prevalence, %^†

25.7

25.2

23.6

29.1

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.98 (0.72-1.32)

0.90 (0.66-1.22)

1.19 (0.88-1.60)

0.36

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

0.99 (0.72-1.35)

0.96 (0.70-1.32)

1.20 (0.88-1.63)

0.29

Monounsaturated fatty acids

   Intake, g/day*

15.7

18.9

21.2

25.0

   Prevalence, %^†

24.3

25.0

25.9

28.4

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

1.04 (0.76-1.41)

1.09 (0.80-1.48)

1.23 (0.91-1.67)

0.16

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

0.99 (0.72-1.36)

1.08 (0.79-1.48)

1.19 (0.87-1.63)

0.21

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids

   Intake, g/day*

1.7

2.1

2.4

2.9

   Prevalence, %^†

25.5

25.2

24.8

28.2

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.99 (0.73-1.34)

0.96 (0.71-1.31)

1.15 (0.85-1.55)

0.42

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

0.92 (0.67-1.26)

0.90 (0.65-1.23)

1.07 (0.78-1.45)

0.72

α-Linolenic acid

   Intake, g/day*

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.2

   Prevalence, %^†

25.0

23.2

28.2

27.2

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.90 (0.66-1.23)

1.18 (0.87-1.59)

1.12 (0.83-1.52)

0.21

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

0.88 (0.64-1.21)

1.18 (0.86-1.60)

1.04 (0.76-1.42)

0.43

Eicosapentaenoic acid

   Intake, g/day*

0.07

0.12

0.17

0.29

   Prevalence, %^†

25.7

25.2

27.1

25.6

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.98 (0.72-1.32)

1.07 (0.79-1.45)

1.00 (0.74-1.35)

0.86

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

0.91 (0.67-1.25)

1.00 (0.73-1.37)

0.93 (0.68-1.28)

0.81

Docosahexaenoic acid

   Intake, g/day*

0.14

0.22

0.30

0.46

   Prevalence, %^†

25.2

25.2

29.4

23.8

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

1.00 (0.74-1.36)

1.23 (0.91-1.66)

0.93 (0.68-1.26)

0.98

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

0.93 (0.68-1.27)

1.13 (0.83-1.54)

0.88 (0.64-1.21)

0.73

n-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids

   Intake, g/day*

8.5

10.2

11.5

13.5

   Prevalence, %^†

24.3

23.2

30.1

26.1

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.94 (0.69-1.28)

1.34 (0.99-1.81)

1.10 (0.81-1.49)

0.19

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

0.91 (0.66-1.26)

1.34 (0.98-1.83)

1.05 (0.77-1.45)

0.29

Linoleic acid

   Intake, g/day*

8.3

10.0

11.3

13.1

   Prevalence, %^†

24.3

23.6

29.1

26.5

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.96 (0.71-1.31)

1.28 (0.95-1.73)

1.13 (0.83-1.53)

0.19

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

0.94 (0.68-1.29)

1.27 (0.93-1.73)

1.08 (0.79-1.48)

0.30

Arachidonic acid

   Intake, g/day*

0.09

0.12

0.14

0.18

   Prevalence, %^†

25.0

24.1

28.4

26.1

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.95 (0.70-1.30)

1.19 (0.88-1.61)

1.06 (0.78-1.44)

0.42

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

0.90 (0.65-1.23)

1.20 (0.88-1.63)

1.05 (0.77-1.43)

0.39

n-3/n-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio

   Intake*

0.17

0.19

0.21

0.25

   Prevalence, %^†

24.8

26.8

27.8

24.3

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

1.11 (0.82-1.51)

1.17 (0.86-1.58)

0.97 (0.71-1.32)

0.95

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

1.07 (0.78-1.46)

1.07 (0.78-1.46)

0.92 (0.67-1.26)

0.61

Cholesterol

   Intake, mg/day*

182.0

244.5

308.0

402.7

   Prevalence, %^†

26.4

22.5

28.0

26.8

   Crude OR (95% CI)

1.00

0.81 (0.59-1.10)

1.09 (0.81-1.46)

1.02 (0.76-1.38)

0.48

   Adjusted OR (95% CI)^‡

1.00

0.82 (0.60-1.13)

1.10 (0.81-1.49)

1.05 (0.77-1.42)

0.41