Monounsaturated fatty acid, carbohydrate intake, and diabetes status are associated with arterial pulse pressure

Nutrition Journal

Table 1 Characteristics of the participants*

Comparison^†	Mexican Americans N = 892	Black non-Hispanic N = 1059	White non-Hispanic N = 2473	P MA/ WNH	P BNH/ WNH
Continuous variables	Mean (lower-upper 95% CI) SE
Arterial pulse pressure	51.0 (48.2-53.9) 1.34	53.4 (51.6-55.3) 0.86	52.4 (51.1-53.7) 0.62	0.329	0.285
Carbohydrate (gm)	268.3 (258.6-277.9) 4.54	250.4 (240.0-260.8) 4.91	260.4 (253.2-267.7) 3.43	0.203	0.074
Fiber (gm)	18.2 (17.2-19.2) 0.45	13.2 (12.6-13.9) 0.31	16.1 (14.7-17.4) 0.63	0.006	0.001
Monounsaturated fat (gm)	30.1 (28.1-32.1) 0.94	30.8 (29.3-32.4) 0.72	31.2 (30.0-31.2) 0.56	0.342	0.684
Saturated fat (gm)	25.4 (23.7-27.1) 0.81	25.8 (24.1-27.5) 0.79	28.3 (27.3-29.3) 0.46	0.006	0.017
Total daily calories	2192 (2101-2283) 43.0	2108 (2015-2201) 43.8	2186 (2128-2244) 27.5	0.902	0.151
Age (years)	40.2 (38.5-42.0) 0.83	44.5 (43.7-46.0) 0.54	48.9 (47.9-50.0) 0.49	< 0.001	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	29.5 (28.8-30.2) 0.32	30.2 (29.6-30.8) 0.29	28.4 (27.9-28.9) 0.25	0.023	< 0.001
Categorical variables	N (%) SE ^‡			χ ²	P
Diabetes (Yes)	121 (7.9) 0.8	213 (14.2) 1.2	288 (8.0) 1.1	40.8	< 0.001
No	838 (92.1)	953 (85.8)	2353 (92.0)	-	-
Current Smoker (Yes)	155 (17.7) 1.9	300 (26.6) 2.1	640 (23.3) 1.7	97.9	< 0.001
No	803 (82.3)	865 (73.4)	2002(76.7)	-	-
Gender				2.60	0.272
• Male	459 (53.9) 2.4	557 (44.4) 1.5	1342 (47.8) 0.7	-	-
• Female	501 (46.1)	609 (55.6)	1301 (52.2)	-	-

Abbreviations: BNH = Black, non-Hispanic, MA = Mexican American, WNH = White, non-Hispanic; BMI = body mass index.
*Laboratory sample weights were used in all analyses. Actual sample numbers are presented with their weighted results expressed as standard error range in the 95% confidence intervals.
^† MA and BNH were compared to WNH for all analyses. Variables with p-values for each group (MA and BNH) that are < 0.05 are significantly different than WNH.

ISSN: 1475-2891