Fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice consumption and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Meta-analysis of intake of fruit, vegetables, and fruit juice and risk of GDM

Variables	Number of participants	Cases/total	Test of association		Test of heterogeneity		Analysis of publication bias
			RR (95% CI)	P value	Heterogeneity (I², %)	P value	Begg’s test (P value)	Egger’s test (P value)
Fruit	29,704	2809	0.92 (0.86, 0.99)	0.02	36.0%	0.14	0.22	0.19
All vegetable	5457	1633	0.95 (0.87, 1.03)	0.24	61.3%	0.23	0.17	0.06
Starchy vegetable	7855	499	1.01 (0.82, 1.26)	0.90	63.7%	0.90	0.60	0.62
Fruit juice	23,177	1598	0.97 (0.91, 1.04)	0.37	29.8%	0.23	0.50	0.87

ISSN: 1475-2891