Skip to main content

Table 1 Subject characteristics segmented by Healthy Nordic Food Index (HNFI) score

From: Healthy Nordic diet and associations with plasma concentrations of metabolites in the choline oxidation pathway: a cross-sectional study from Northern Sweden

  

Index score segments

Characteristica

All

1

2

3

HNFI scores

3.0 ± 1.5

0–2

3–4

5–6

Observations, n

969

386

411

172

Age, years

54 ± 7.4

53 ± 8.4

54 ± 6.7

56 ± 6.0

Sex (% female)

46

45

47

47

School education (%)

 Base level

66

72

63

58

 High school

15

16

14

15

 University

19

12

22

27

BMI, kg/m2

26.0 ± 3.7

25.9 ± 3.7

25.8 ± 3.5

26.9 ± 4.1

Physical activity (%)

 Low

77

86

72

64

 Medium

20

11

24

29

 High

4

2

4

7

Present smoking (%)

18

17

19

19

Metabolites (µmol/L)

 Choline

8.9 ± 1.6

8.7 ± 1.5

9.0 ± 1.6

9.2 ± 1.8

 Betaine

31.0 ± 7.2

30.1 ± 7.2

31.6 ± 7.5

32.8 ± 15.4

 tHcy

10.5 ± 4.7

11.2 ± 6.0

10.2 ± 3.9

9.9 ± 3.0

 DMG

3.8 ± 1.8

3.8 ± 1.6

3.8 ± 2.0

3.9 ± 1.7

 Sarcosine

1.9 ± 1.1

1.9 ± 1.1

1.8 ± 1.1

2.1 ± 1.2

 Glycine

244 ± 73

242 ± 70

245 ± 73

245 ± 81

 Serine

110 ± 19

110 ± 19

110 ± 19

112 ± 20

  1. Abbreviations: DMG Dimethylglycine, HNFI Healthy Nordic Food Index, tHcy total homocysteine
  2. aValues presented as means ± SD or percentages