Table 3 Trends in the dietary energy and macronutrient composition by region and district from CHNS Round,1991–20151−4
Overall | Urban | Rural | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1991 | 2004 | 2015 | p-trend | 1991 | 2004 | 2015 | p-trend | 1991 | 2004 | 2015 | p-trend | |||
Eastern | ||||||||||||||
Energy(kcal/d) | 2529.0(17.2) | 2006.0(16.6) | 1857.3(11.1) | 0.000 | 2286.6 (21.3) | 1951.5(17.1) | 1846.7(16.9) | 0.000 | 2563.0(18.3) | 2013.1(17.8) | 1865.0(24.0) | 0.000 | ||
Fat(g/d) | 62.6(1.0) | 68.1(1.1) | 71.8(1.1) | 0.000 | 76.4(2.7) | 75.8(3.3) | 73.6(1.8) | 0.000 | 60.7(1.1) | 67.1(1.1) | 70.5(1.4) | 0.000 | ||
Protein(g/d) | 75.1(0.6) | 66.6(0.6) | 64.7(0.7) | 0.000 | 71.8(1.6) | 68.0(2.0) | 67.4(1.1) | 0.000 | 75.6(0.7) | 65.8(0.6) | 62.7(0.9) | 0.000 | ||
Carbohydrate(g/d) | 415.7(3.5) | 286.2(2.7) | 236.9(2.7) | 0.000 | 327.7(4.5) | 248.9(2.3) | 226.9(3.6) | 0.000 | 428.0 (3.7) | 291.1(2.9) | 244.2(3.9) | 0.000 | ||
Fat(%E) | 22.1(0.3) | 30.7(0.3) | 34.2(0.3) | 0.000 | 26.5(0.6) | 34.8(1.0) | 35.0(0.4) | 0.000 | 21.5(0.3) | 30.1(0.4) | 33.7(0.4) | 0.000 | ||
Carbohydrate(%E) | 65.4(0.3) | 57.0(0.3) | 51.4(0.3) | 0.000 | 60.1(0.6) | 56.2(0.9) | 49.8(0.4) | 0.000 | 66.2(0.3) | 57.7(0.4) | 52.6(0.4) | 0.000 | ||
Central | ||||||||||||||
Energy(kcal/d) | 2626.7(19.1) | 2144.3(20.6) | 1964.0(25.7) | 0.000 | 2222.9(28.7) | 2106.8(20.3) | 1950.3(27.5) | 0.000 | 2703.7(21.2) | 2151.0(22.1) | 1970.8(20.0) | 0.000 | ||
Fat(g/d) | 61.9(1.2) | 66.6(1.3) | 79.8(1.7) | 0.000 | 74.0(2.6) | 82.7(2.5) | 89.3(2.9) | 0.000 | 59.6(1.3) | 63.7(1.3) | 74.4(2.1) | 0.000 | ||
Protein(g/d) | 75.8(0.6) | 66.4(0.8) | 62.4(0.9) | 0.000 | 68.3(1.3) | 69.0(1.8) | 64.3(1.5) | 0.000 | 77.2(0.7) | 65.9(0.9) | 61.5(1.1) | 0.000 | ||
Carbohydrate(g/d) | 441.3.(3.8) | 319.2(3.5) | 248.5(4.5) | 0.000 | 320.0(5.0) | 269.9(5.8) | 218.8(5.4) | 0.000 | 464.4(4.1) | 327.9(3.6) | 263.3(6.1) | 0.000 | ||
Fat(%E) | 26.0(0.4) | 27.1(0.4) | 36.5(0.4) | 0.000 | 30.3(0.7) | 32.4(1.1) | 41.0(0.8) | 0.000 | 25.2(0.4) | 26.6(0.5) | 34.2(0.6) | 0.000 | ||
Carbohydrate(%E) | 61.8(0.4) | 62.8(0.4) | 50.5(0.5) | 0.000 | 57.1(0.7) | 53.7(1.0) | 45.6(0.8) | 0.000 | 62.7(0.4) | 64.5(0.5) | 52.9(0.6) | 0.000 | ||
Western | ||||||||||||||
Energy(kcal/d) | 2426.0(19.5) | 2136.5(22.4) | 1916.3(23.6) | 0.000 | 2089.1(17.4) | 2003.3(14.4) | 1891.1(10.2) | 0.000 | 2482.8(17.8) | 2162.5(15.6) | 1932.5(20.0) | 0.000 | ||
Fat(g/d) | 61.8(1.0) | 67.7(0.9) | 85.6(1.0) | 0.000 | 65.2(3.1) | 74.1(3.4) | 89.5(1.3) | 0.000 | 61.2(1.3) | 66.7(1.5) | 83.1(2.0) | 0.000 | ||
Protein(g/d) | 68.6(0.6) | 63.7(1.0) | 62.1(0.9) | 0.000 | 65.5(0.6) | 66.8(0.6) | 64.6(0.7) | 0.000 | 69.2(0.7) | 63.1(1.1) | 60.5(1.1) | 0.000 | ||
Carbohydrate(g/d) | 398.2(3.9) | 326.7(3.8) | 223.5(3.3) | 0.000 | 309.2(3.5) | 267.0(2.6) | 205.9(3.6) | 0.000 | 413.2(4.2) | 338.3(4.1) | 235.1(3.6) | 0.000 | ||
Fat(%E) | 25.6(0.4) | 28.3(0.5) | 39.7(0.4) | 0.000 | 30.8(0.3) | 34.7(0.3) | 41.4(0.4) | 0.000 | 24.6(0.4) | 27.0(0.5) | 38.6(0.6) | 0.000 | ||
Carbohydrate(%E) | 61.8(0.4) | 60.0(0.5) | 47.0(0.4) | 0.000 | 55.4(0.8) | 52.2(0.9) | 44.4(0.6) | 0.000 | 62.9(0.4) | 61.6(0.3) | 48.9(0.4) | 0.000 | ||