Randomized, double-blind, four-arm pilot study on the effects of chicken essence and type II collagen hydrolysate on joint, bone, and muscle functions

Table 3 Repeated-measures ANOVA of VAS pain score on day 14

Factors	LSM (SE)^a	95% CI	p value^‡
EC-HC-II vs. HC-II	0.7 (0.45)	(− 0.51, 1.89)	0.748
EC-HC-II vs. glucosamine HCl	− 0.0 (0.45)	(− 1.21, 1.18)	> 0.999
EC-HC-II vs. placebo	− 0.6 (0.45)	(− 1.83, 0.57)	0.983
HC-II vs. glucosamine HCl	− 0.7 (0.45)	(− 1.90, 0.48)	0.687
HC-II vs. placebo	− 1.3 (0.45)	(− 2.51, − 0.13)	0.021*
Glucosamine HCl vs. placebo	− 0.6 (0.45)	(− 1.80, 0.58)	> 0.999

LSM least squares mean, SE standard error, CI confidence interval, HC-II hydrolyzed collagen type II, EC-HC-II essence of chicken with HC-II, VAS visual analogue scale, ANOVA analysis of variance
^*Statistical significance
^‡Statistical method: repeated-measures ANOVA
^aDifference in LSM between groups

ISSN: 1475-2891