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Table 2 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD based on tertiles of nitrat containing vegetables

From: Nitrate containing vegetables and dietary nitrate and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a case control study

 

Tertiles of NCVs

P-trend

T1

T2

T3

All nitrate containing vegetables

 Median intake(g/1000Kcal/d)

84.5

148.7

236.6

 

 NAFLD /control

112 / 148

71 / 152

42 / 150

 

 Model 1a

1.00 (Ref)

0.62 (0.42–0.92)

0.36 (0.23–0.56)

<  0.001

 Model 2 b

1.00 (Ref)

0.51 (0.29–0.89)

0.19 (0.10–0.37)

<  0.001

 Model 3 c

1.00 (Ref)

0.67 (0.35–1.28)

0.27 (0.13–0.57)

0.001

 Model 4d

1.00 (Ref)

0.48 (0.27–0.83)

0.20 (0.10–0.40)

<  0.001

Low-nitrate vegetables

 Median intake(g/1000Kcal/d)

77.0

135.9

221.2

 

 NAFLD /control

106 / 150

79 / 150

40 / 150

 

 Model 1a

1.00 (Ref)

0.76(0.52–1.12)

0.37 (0.24–0.58)

< 0.001

 Model 2 b

1.00 (Ref)

0.74 (0.42–1.28)

0.20 (0.10–0.40)

< 0.001

 Model 3 c

1.00 (Ref)

0.93 (0.48–1.77)

0.29 (0.14–0.61)

0.001

 Model 4d

1.00 (Ref)

0.68 (0.39–1.19)

0.22 (0.11–0.43)

<  0.001

Medium-nitrate vegetables

 Median intake(g/1000Kcal/d)

0.04

0.62

2.22

 

 NAFLD /control

80/149

78/151

67/150

 

 Model 1a

1.00 (Ref)

0.94(0.64–1.40)

0.79 (0.53–1.19)

0.252

 Model 2 b

1.00 (Ref)

1.50 (0.85–2.64)

0.90 (0.50–1.63)

0.430

 Model 3 c

1.00 (Ref)

1.94 (0.99–3.77)

1.10 (0.56–2.17)

0.812

 Model 4d

1.00 (Ref)

1.47 (0.84–2.57)

0.96 (0.53–1.71)

0.574

High-nitrate vegetables

 Median intake(g/1000Kcal/d)

3.45

7.67

15.14

 

 NAFLD /control

87/145

78/154

60/151

 

 Model 1a

1.00 (Ref)

0.85(0.58–1.26)

0.66 (0.43–0.99)

0.048

 Model 2 b

1.00 (Ref)

0.65 (0.37–1.14)

0.60 (0.33–1.09)

0.121

 Model 3 c

1.00 (Ref)

0.64 (0.33–1.23)

0.81 (0.40–1.64)

0.707

 Model 4d

1.00 (Ref)

0.63 (0.36–1.10)

0.62 (0.34–1.12)

0.156

  1. aModel 1: adjusted for age and sex
  2. bModel 2: Additionally adjusted for BMI, physical activity, smoking, SES, and dietary intake of energy
  3. c Model 3: adjusted for model 2 and refined grains, high-fat dairy, red and processed meats, fruits except for melon and watermelon
  4. d Model 4: adjusted for model 2 and dietary intake of saturated fatty acids, vitamin E, fiber, and fructose