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Table 1 Characteristics and dietary intakes across tertiles of total intake of nitrate-containing vegetables among the study population

From: Nitrate containing vegetables and dietary nitrate and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a case control study

 

Tertiles of NCVs

P-trend

T1(n = 230)

T2(n = 225)

T3(n = 220)

Age(year)

37.0 ± 8.3

38.2 ± 8.5

39.5 ± 9.6

0.002

Male, n (%)

160 (61.5)

114 (51.1)

84 (43.8)

0.001

BMI(Kg/m2)

26.8 ± 4.1

26.7 ± 4.4

26.9 ± 4.4

0.687

Smoking, n (%)

9 (3.5)

11 (4.9)

8 (4.2)

0.722

Physical activity (MET/min/week)

1462 ± 862

1454 ± 850

1368 ± 939

0.261

SES, n(%)

   

0.638

 Low

100 (38.5)

88 (39.5)

70 (36.5)

 

 Middle

90 (34.6)

87 (39.0)

75 (39.1)

 

 High

70 (26.9)

48 (21.5)

47 (24.5)

 

Dietary intake

Macro and micronutrients

  Energy intake(Kcal/d)

2416 ± 677

2308 ± 593

2044 ± 579

<  0.001

  Carbohydrate (% of energy)

55.8 ± 7.1

55.7 ± 6.4

56.1 ± 6.9

0.653

  protein(% of energy)

13.1 ± 2.3

13.1 ± 2.1

13.5 ± 2.4

0.046

  fat(% of energy)

31.0 ± 7.0

31.0 ± 6.3

30.2 ± 7.1

0.264

  Saturated fatty acids(% of energy)

4.6 ± 1.4

4.6 ± 1.1

4.5 ± 1.3

0.238

  Fiber (g/1000 Kcal)

15.4 ± 7.9

15.9 ± 5.9

17.3 ± 7.1

0.005

  fructose(g/1000Kcal)

6.6 ± 2.7

8.0 ± 3.5

9.1 ± 3.6

<  0.001

  Vitamin E(mg/1000Kcal)

4.8 ± 1.9

5.0 ± 1.4

5.1 ± 1.5

0.048

Food groups

  Whole grains (g/day)

74.5 (27.3–130.9)

56.0 (29.4–112.6)

47.3 (24.4–92.2)

<  0.001

  Refined grains (g/day)

381 ± 193

324 ± 147

276 ± 135

<  0.001

  High fat dairy products (g/d)

186 ± 150

151 ± 133

125 ± 110

<  0.001

  Fruits(g/day)

282 ± 215

351 ± 238

339 ± 225

0.010

  Nuts and legume (g/d)

21.37 ± 24.5

23.3 ± 19.5

22.6 ± 24.9

0.560

  Red and process meat(g/day)

24.7 ± 19.2

22.8 ± 17.3

20.9 ± 16.9

0.028

  1. Data are shown as Mean ± SD or n (%). Analysis of variance and chi-square test were used for continuous variables for non-continuous variables. Also, to compare the dietary intakes of participants across tertiles of NCV general linear model was used