Table 4 Association between maternal breakfast intake frequency and HDP stratified by energy intake
| Â | Frequency of breakfast consumption | p-for trend1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Everyday | 5–6 times/week | 3–4 times/week | 0–2 times/week | |||||
Energy intake | ||||||||
Quartile 1 (low) | ||||||||
 n cases/n (%) | 351/3091 (11.4) | 72/509 (14.2) | 53/394 (13.5) | 95/702 (13.5) |  | |||
 Model 1, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.29 | (0.98–1.69) | 1.21 | (0.89–1.65) | 1.22 | (0.96–1.56) | 0.05 |
 Model 2, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.18 | (0.88–1.57) | 1.07 | (0.77–1.47) | 1.13 | (0.87–1.47) | 0.25 |
 Model 3, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.16 | (0.87–1.55) | 1.04 | (0.75–1.44) | 1.10 | (0.84–1.44) | 0.35 |
Quartile 2 | ||||||||
 n cases/n (%) | 327/3535 (9.2) | 70/493 (14.2) | 45/325 (13.9) | 44/344 (12.8) |  | |||
 Model 1, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.62 | (1.23–2.14) | 1.58 | (1.13–2.20) | 1.44 | (1.03–2.01) | < 0.001 |
 Model 2, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.53 | (1.15–2.05) | 1.44 | (1.01–2.05) | 1.21 | (0.85–1.73) | 0.03 |
 Model 3, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.48 | (1.10–1.99) | 1.39 | (0.98–1.98) | 1.17 | (0.81–1.67) | 0.05 |
Quartile 3 | ||||||||
 n cases/n (%) | 344/3675 (9.4) | 62/432 (14.4) | 30/282 (10.6) | 48/308 (15.6) |  | |||
 Model 1, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.62 | (1.21–2.17) | 1.15 | (0.78–1.71) | 1.79 | (1.29–2.48) | < 0.001 |
 Model 2, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.48 | (1.10–2.01) | 1.07 | (0.71–1.61) | 1.74 | (1.22–2.48) | < 0.001 |
 Model 3, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.46 | (1.07–1.98) | 1.03 | (0.68–1.56) | 1.68 | (1.17–2.40) | 0.007 |
Quartile 4 | ||||||||
 n cases/n (%) | 375/3644 (10.3) | 64/448 (14.3) | 34/283 (12.0) | 61/321 (19.0) |  | |||
 Model 1, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.45 | (1.09–1.93) | 1.19 | (0.82–1.73) | 2.05 | (1.52–2.76) | < 0.001 |
 Model 2, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.35 | (1.01–1.82) | 1.04 | (0.71–1.54) | 1.72 | (1.24–2.38) | 0.003 |
 Model 3, OR(95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.34 | (0.99–1.80) | 1.02 | (0.69–1.50) | 1.66 | (1.20–2.31) | 0.005 |