Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Demographic features

Age, years old

67.1 ± 10.8

66.6 ± 10.7

69.4 ± 10.7

< 0.001*

Male, n (%)

2895 (66.0)

2422 (67.3)

473 (60.1)

< 0.001*

Diabetes, n (%)

1058 (24.1)

836 (23.2)

222 (28.2)

0.004*

Prior PCI, n (%)

1088 (24.8)

920 (25.6)

168 (21.3)

0.013*

Prior MI, n (%)

340 (7.8)

283 (7.9)

57 (7.2)

0.555

LVEF, %

59.7 ± 13.0

60.4 ± 12.9

56.6 ± 13.3

< 0.001*

Average SBP, mmHg

123.2 ± 14.4

123.8 ± 14.1

120.6 ± 15.5

< 0.001*

Nutritional status

NRS-2002 score

1.0 [0.0, 1.0]

1.0 [0.0, 1.0]

1.0 [1.0, 2.0]

< 0.001*

CONUT score

3.0 [1.0, 4.0]

3.0 [1.0, 4.0]

3.0 [2.0, 5.0]

< 0.001*

PNI score

45.8 [41.7, 49.7]

46.32 [42.5, 50.1]

43.5 [38.0, 48.2]

< 0.001*

GNRI score

98.6 [92.6, 103.3]

99.0 [93.5, 103.6]

95.9 [88.4, 101.7]

< 0.001*

Laboratory data

Scr on admission, μmol/L

76.0 [64.0, 94.0]

76.0 [65.0, 93.0]

73.0 [60.0, 100.0]

0.090*

Scr elevation, %

5.2 [−3.9, 18.2]

1.9 [−5.7, 10.1]

43.2 [32.4, 68.1]

< 0.001*

eGFR, ml/min/1.73m²

78.7 ± 23.3

79.4 ± 22.1

75.6 ± 28.0

0.012*

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.09 ± 1.19

4.12 ± 1.18

3.99 ± 1.21

0.006*

Low density lipoprotein, mmol/L

2.22 ± 0.91

2.22 ± 0.91

2.20 ± 0.89

0.485

C-reactive protein, mg/L

2.3 [0.9, 8.0]

2.0 [0.8, 6.6]

4.4 [1.5, 16.0]

< 0.001*

Hemoglobin, g/L

128.1 ± 19.9

129.8 ± 18.9

120.6 ± 22.1

< 0.001*

Lymphocyte, × 10⁹/L

1.39 ± 0.60

1.41 ± 0.58

1.31 ± 0.67

< 0.001*

Serum albumin, g/L

38.6 ± 5.0

39.1 ± 4.7

36.6 ± 5.7

< 0.001*

CAG/PCI data

CAG with PCI, n (%)

1993 (45.4)

1626 (45.2)

367 (46.6)

0.482

Volume of contrast agent, mg

80.0 [50.0, 130.0]

80.0 [50.0, 130.0]

80.0 [52.0, 140.0]

0.249

Type of contrast agent, n (%)

0.992

Isotonic

1387 (31.6)

1138 (31.6)

249 (31.6)

Hypotonic

2999 (68.4)

2461 (68.4)

538 (68.4)

Chronic total occlusion, n (%)

711 (16.2)

579 (16.1)

132 (16.8)

0.637

Total length of stents, mm

38.0 [25.0, 63.0]

39.0 [25.0, 64.0]

36.0 [24.0, 57.0]

0.101

Pre-procedure medication, n (%)

Statin

3655 (83.3)

3052 (84.8)

603 (76.6)

< 0.001*

Aspirin

3632 (82.8)

3061 (85.1)

571 (72.6)

< 0.001*

Oral furosemide

1266 (28.9)

899 (25.0)

367 (46.6)

< 0.001*

Furosemide injection

660 (15.0)

421 (11.7)

239 (30.4)

< 0.001*

Dopamine

1231 (28.1)

929 (25.8)

302 (38.4)

< 0.001*