Table 9 Mean energy and nutrient intake at breakfast of Adults by NRF 9.3 Score in Tertiles

Energy (kcal)

426 ± 1.9

290.3 ± 2.6

514.8 ± 3.3

494.9 ± 0.1

 < 0.001⁺

Macronutrients

 Total Protein (g)

12.9 ± 0.1

6.4 ± 0.1

15.2 ± 0.1

18.1 ± 0.1

 < 0.001⁺

 Total Carbohydrate (g)

76.9 ± 0.3

54.1 ± 0.4

92.5 ± 0.6

87.7 ± 0.5

 < 0.001⁺

 Total Fat (g)

7.4 ± 0.1

5.3 ± 0.1

9.1 ± 0.1

7.9 ± 0.1

 < 0.001⁺

 Saturated Fat (g)

3.1 ± 0.03

2.2 ± 0.05

4 ± 0.05

3.2 ± 0.04

 < 0.001⁺

 MUFA (g)

2 ± 0.02

1.4 ± 0.03

2.4 ± 0.04

2.2 ± 0.04

 < 0.001⁺

 PUFA (g)

1.1 ± 0.01

0.9 ± 0.01

1.2 ± 0.02

1.2 ± 0.01

 < 0.001⁺

 Total Fiber (g)

1.9 ± 0.01

1.1 ± 0.01

2 ± 0.02

2.8 ± 0.02

 < 0.001⁺

 Total Sugar (g)

10.9 ± 0.1

13.3 ± 0.1

9.4 ± 0.1

9.1 ± 0.1

 < 0.001⁻

Vitamins and Minerals

 Thiamin (mg)

0.19 ± 0.002

0.10 ± 0.001

0.18 ± 0.002

0.28 ± 0.003

 < 0.001⁺

 Riboflavin(mg)

0.2 ± 0.002

0.11 ± 0.001

0.20 ± 0.002

0.28 ± 0.03

 < 0.001⁺

 Niacin (mg)

4.5 ± 0.02

2.6 ± 0.02

4.9 ± 0.04

6.2 ± 0.05

 < 0.001⁺

 Vitamin C (mg)

3.5 ± 0.1

0.2 ± 0.02

1.5 ± 0.05

7.8 ± 0.14

 < 0.001⁺

 Vitamin A

92.7 ± 3.5

12.5 ± 0.4

61.9 ± 0.8

130.8 ± 1.4

 < 0.001⁺

 Vitamin D

0.8 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.004

0.6 ± 0.01

1.6 ± 0.02

 < 0.001⁺

 Calcium (mg)

80 ± 0.8

32.8 ± 0.5

80.1 ± 0.9

127.6 ± 1.2

 < 0.001⁺

 Phosphorus (mg)

196.4 ± 1.1

89.2 ± 1.1

234.3 ± 1.6

281.2 ± 1.8

 < 0.001⁺

 Iron (mg)

2.1 ± 0.01

1.2 ± 0.02

2.2 ± 0.02

2.9 ± 0.02

 < 0.001⁺

 Magnesium

38.8 ± 0.2

16 ± 0.2

41.5 ± 0.3

61.1 ± 0.4

 < 0.001⁺

 Potassium

317.6 ± 1.6

206.1 ± 1.5

307.1 ± 2.2

450.7 ± 3.3

 < 0.001⁺

 Sodium (mg)

261.1 ± 3.2

297.5 ± 4.5

266.2 ± 4.6

183.7 ± 3.6

 < 0.001⁻

Non-essential nutrient

 Cholesterol

43.2 ± 0.5

12.5 ± 0.4

62.1 ± 

58.1 ± 1.1

 < 0.001⁺