Table 6 Mean NRF9.3 score and usual energy and nutrients at breakfast

NRF 9.3. Score

417.5 ± 1.33

339.6 ± 2

330.1 ± 1.1

347.8 ± 2.2

 < 0.001^abcef

Energy (kcal)

328.4 ± 2

440 ± 3.3

426 ± 1.9

352.3 ± 2.8

 < 0.001^abcef

Macronutrients

 Total Protein (g)

10.2 ± 0.1

13.3 ± 0.1

12.9 ± 0.1

10.8 ± 0.1

 < 0.001^abcef

 Total Carbohydrate (g)

54.4 ± 0.3

76.6 ± 0.6

76.9 ± 0.3

63.7 ± 0.5

 < 0.001^abcdef

 Total Fat (g)

7.9 ± 0.1

9 ± 0.1

7.4 ± 0.1

6.1 ± 0.1

 < 0.001^abcdef

 Saturated Fat (g)

3.2 ± 0.04

3.8 ± 0.1

3.1 ± 0.03

2.5 ± 0.05

 < 0.001^acdef

 MUFA (g)

2.3 ± 0.04

2.5 ± 0.05

2 ± 0.02

2 ± 0.04

 < 0.001^abcdef

 PUFA (g)

1.1 ± 0.01

1.2 ± 0.02

1.1 ± 0.01

1 ± 0.02

 < 0.001^adef

 Total Fiber (g)

1.4 ± 0.01

1.9 ± 0.02

1.9 ± 0.01

1.7 ± 0.02

 < 0.001^abcdef

 Total Sugar (g)

7.8 ± 0.1

8.6 ± 0.1

10.9 ± 0.1

11.2 ± 0.1

 < 0.001^abcdef

Vitamins and Minerals

 Thiamin (mg)

0.2 ± 0.003

0.22 ± 0.003

0.19 ± 0.002

0.16 ± 0.002

 < 0.001^abcdef

 Riboflavin(mg)

0.22 ± 0.003

0.21 ± 0.003

0.2 ± 0.002

0.19 ± 0.003

 < 0.001^abcdef

 Niacin (mg)

3 ± 0.03

4.2 ± 0.04

4.5 ± 0.02

3.8 ± 0.04

 < 0.001^abcdef

 Vitamin C (mg)

3.3 ± 0.1

3.4 ± 0.1

3.5 ± 0.1

4 ± 0.2

 < 0.001^bcdef

 Vitamin A

90.6 ± 2.7

84.4 ± 2.8

92.7 ± 3.5

76.5 ± 3.1

0.008^f

 Vitamin D

0.6 ± 0.01

0.7 ± 0.02

0.8 ± 0.01

0.7 ± 0.02

 < 0.001^abcdf

 Calcium (mg)

84.5 ± 1

85.3 ± 1.3

80 ± 0.8

87.8 ± 1.6

 < 0.001^cef

 Phosphorus (mg)

164.1 ± 1.2

208.5 ± 1.9

196.4 ± 1.1

169.5 ± 1.8

 < 0.001^abcef

 Iron (mg)

2 ± 0.02

2.3 ± 0.03

2.1 ± 0.01

1.9 ± 0.02

 < 0.001^abcdef

 Magnesium

28.8 ± 0.2

39.3 ± 0.4

38.8 ± 0.2

33.7 ± 0.4

 < 0.001^abcdef

 Potassium

193.4 ± 1.6

271.1 ± 2.7

317.6 ± 1.6

284.2 ± 3.1

 < 0.001^abcdef

 Sodium (mg)

266 ± 3.9

301.5 ± 5.7

261.1 ± 3.2

232.4 ± 5

 < 0.001^acdef

Non-essential nutrient

 Cholesterol

44.2 ± 0.7

47.8 ± 1.1

43.2 ± 0.5

34 ± 0.9

 < 0.001^cdef