Table 1 Baseline characteristics of men and women from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring and Generation 3 cohorts
Descriptive variables1 | Men (n = 2,158) | Women (n = 2,582) |
|---|---|---|
Age, y | 49 ± 13 | 49 ± 13 |
Offspring cohort, n (%) | 928 (43.0) | 1,139 (44.1) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 28.1 ± 4.4 | 26.5 ± 5.9 |
Weight, lbs | 193.6 ± 32.3 | 155.4 ± 35.1 |
Physical activity index z-score | 0.2 ± 1.1 | -0.2 ± 0.9 |
Menopause status and estrogen use Pre-menopausal, n (%) Post-menopausal, no estrogen use, n (%) Post-menopausal, estrogen use, n (%) | - | 1,267 (49.2) 874 (34.0) 434 (16.9) |
Current smokers, n (%) | 269 (12.5) | 314 (12.2) |
Calcium supplement user, n (%) | 166 (7.7) | 1,085 (42.0) |
Multivitamin supplement user, n (%) | 890 (41.2) | 1,471 (57.0) |
Vitamin D supplement user, n (%) | 34 (1.8) | 144 (5.6) |
Dairy intake (servings/wk) | ||
Milk | 5.8 ± 6.8 | 6.0 ± 6.4 |
Yogurt | 0.8 ± 1.7 | 1.5 ± 2.1 |
Cheese | 3.5 ± 4.2 | 3.4 ± 3.7 |
Milk + yogurt | 6.7 ± 7.1 | 7.5 ± 6.8 |
Milk + yogurt + cheese | 10.1 ± 8.4 | 10.9 ± 8.0 |
Other dietary intakes | ||
Energy, kcal/d | 2,104 ± 666 | 1,843 ± 577 |
Total calcium, mg/d | 885 ± 428 | 1,110 ± 530 |
Dietary calcium, mg/d | 824 ± 390 | 825 ± 390 |
Total vitamin D, IU/d | 356 ± 259 | 417 ± 281 |
Dietary vitamin D, IU/d | 222 ± 140 | 216 ± 147 |
L2-4 spine BMD | 1.32 ± 0.02 | 1.20 ± 0.19 |
Trabecular bone score | 1.42 ± 0.09 | 1.38 ± 0.10 |