Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants (n = 2966)

Age (y)

56.7 ± 10.9

38.1 ± 13.4

0.001

Male (%)

66.4

43.1

0.001

Smoking (%)

19.5

12.3

0.001

Body mass index (m²/kg)

28.6 ± 4.8

26.9 ± 4.9

0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

98.2 ± 11.3

88.9 ± 13.3

0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

127 ± 21

110 ± 16

0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

79.9 ± 12.8

72.9 ± 10.5

0.001

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)

107 ± 37.9

90.2 ± 20.5

0.001

Serum triglycerides (mg/dL)^a

166 (122–211)

117 (81–170)

0.001

HDL-C (mg/dL)

39.9 ± 9.2

42.9 ± 10.3

0.001

Serum Cr (mg/dL)

1.12 ± 0.21

1.04 ± 0.15

0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

66.8 ± 10.9

74.1 ± 11.8

0.001

Dietary oxalate (mg/d)^a

191 (144–261)

181 (131–243)

0.016

Dietary calcium (mg/d)

1239 ± 560

1261 ± 542

0.564

Dietary oxalate-to-calcium ratio

0.19 ± 0.08

0.16 ± 0.07

0.004