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Table 2 General Characteristics of Participants With and Without TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(+), n(%)

From: Iodine nutrition status and thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of 4635 pregnant women

 

Pooled

Early pregnancy

Middle pregnancy

Later pregnancy

TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(+)

TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(−)

TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(+)

TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(−)

TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(+)

TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(−)

TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(+)

TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(−)

N

1439

3196

465

1072

617

1315

357

809

Age, years

29 (26–32)

29 (26–32)

29 (27–33)

29 (27–32)*

29 (26–32)

29 (26–32)

29 (26–32)

29 (26–33)

  ≥ 35

193 (13.41)

448 (14.02)

67 (14.41)

158 (14.74)

77 (12.48)

166 (12.62)

49 (13.73)

124 (15.33)

Education status

  ≤ 9 years

481 (33.52)

977 (30.64)

112 (24.14)

257 (24.06)

242 (39.41)

435 (33.13)*

127 (35.57)

285 (35.27)

 Senior high school

and college

330 (23.00)

809 (25.37)

123 (26.51)

282 (26.40)

134 (21.82)

351 (26.73)*

73 (20.45)

176 (21.78)

 Bachelor’s degree and higher

624 (43.48)

1403 (43.09)

229 (49.35)

529 (49.53)

238 (38.76)

527 (40.14)*

157 (43.98)

347 (42.95)

Occupation status

 Mental

1178 (81.86)

2525 (79.01)*

370 (79.57)

834 (77.80)

370 (79.57)

834 (77.80)

302 (84.59)

633 (78.24)*

 Physical

261 (18.14)

671 (20.99)*

95 (20.43)

238 (22.20)

95 (20.43)

238 (22.20)

55 (15.41)

176 (21.76)*

Family income per person last years, yuan

  < 100,000

278 (19.41)

542 (17.02)*

69 (14.94)

145 (13.58)

131 (21.37)

240 (18.32)*

78 (21.85)

157 (19.48)

 100,000–200,000

605 (42.25)

1296 (40.70)*

178 (38.53)

451 (42.23)

271 (44.21)

530 (40.46)*

156 (43.70)

315 (39.08)

  ≥ 200,000

549 (38.34)

1346 (42.27)*

215 (46.54)

472 (44.19)

211 (34.42)

540 (41.22)*

123 (34.45)

334 (41.44)

Former smoker

42 (2.93)

76 (2.38)

13 (2.81)

28 (2.62)

20 (3.26)

33 (2.51)

9 (2.52)

15 (1.85)

Former drinker

157 (11.07)

323 (10.13)

45 (9.80)

109 (10.21)

73 (11.99)

144 (10.97)

39 (11.14)

70 (8.65)

First pregnancy,

744 (51.70)

1640 (51.31)

225 (48.39)

519 (48.41)

336 (54.46)

704 (53.54)

183 (51.26)

417 (51.55)

Previous thyroid disease

214 (14.87)

293 (9.17)*

85 (18.28)

114 (10.63)*

86 (13.94)

118 (8.97)*

43 (12.04)

61 (7.54)

Consumed iodine-rich food in the past 3 months

1060 (73.66)

2610 (81.66)*

329 (70.75)

827 (77.15)*

460 (74.55)

1103 (83.88)*

271 (75.91)

680 (84.05)*

Consumed iodized nutritional supplements in the past 3 months

133 (9.24)

585 (18.30)*

53 (11.40)

156 (14.56)

49 (7.94)

251 (19.09)*

31 (8.68)

178 (22.00)*

Non-iodized salt

428 (29.74)

771 (24.12)*

145 (31.18)

274 (25.56)*

184 (29.82)

309 (23.50)*

99 (27.73)

188 (23.24)

UIC, μg/L

125 (73.85–200.69)

143.18 (84.92–224.95)*

134.18 (75.57–216.03)

153.86 (91.14–248.46)*

129.97 (79.71–204.88)

141.18 (85.64–221.00)

110.69 (63.84–185.36)

130.00 (71.60–201.39)*

Iodine from iodine-rich food and salt, median(q1-q3), μg

95.41 (23.81–180.00)

123.36 (42.36–220.42)*

73.02 (9.07–157.6)

103.22 (32.68–200.27)*

107.24 (39.58–182.87)

131.19 (46.90–226.43)*

109.34 (29.33–188.14)

137.07 (48.05–238.13)*

Iodine-intake groups, μg

  < 37.15

422 (29.32)

737 (23.06)*

176 (37.85)

279 (26.03)*

148 (23.99)

286 (21.75)*

98 (27.45)

172 (21.26)*

 37.15 ~ 113.54

380 (26.41)

778 (24.34)*

125 (26.88)

292 (27.24)*

167 (27.071%)

306 (23.27)*

88 (24.65)

180 (22.25)*

 113.54 ~ 205.99

370 (25.71)

789 (24.69)*

92 (19.78)

243 (22.67)*

185 (29.98)

347 (26.39)*

93 (26.05)

199 (24.60)*

  ≥ 205.99

267 (18.55)

892 (27.91)*

72 (15.8)

258 (24.07)*

117 (18.96)

376 (28.596%)*

78 (21.85)

258 (31.89)*

Hypothyroidism

42 (2.92)

79 (2.47)

15 (3.23)

25 (2.33)

15 (2.43)

32 (2.43)

12 (3.36)

22 (2.72)

  1. Data are summarized as the median values (inter-quartile range) for continuous variables, or as numbers with proportions for categorical variables. Urine iodine concentration, UIC
  2. *p < 0.05 versus the TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(−) group